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Reconstruction – Gilded Age

Explore the post-Civil War era of Reconstruction and the Gilded Age, focusing on topics like southern reconstruction, industrialization, inventions and innovations, robber barons, populism, political corruption, immigration, and the emergence of the Civil Rights Movement.

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Reconstruction – Gilded Age

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  1. Reconstruction – Gilded Age 1877-1890

  2. A Destroyed South

  3. Military Reconstruction

  4. “Pap” Singleton & The Exodusters

  5. Sharecropping

  6. Jim Crow • Poll Taxes • Literacy Tests • Grandfather Clause

  7. Whiskey Ring

  8. Credit Mobilier

  9. “Rutherfraud” B. Hayes… Federal Troops leave south… Reconstruction ends “Compromise of 1877”

  10. The Gilded Age

  11. Industrialism: A nation on the move from rural to urban

  12. Causes of Industrialization • Raw Materials • Water, coal, timber, oil, etc. • Mechanization of Agriculture • Mass Production • Population Increase • Workforce triples 1860-1910 due to immigration • Free Enterprise • Laissez-Faire

  13. New Inventions & Innovations • Thomas Edison – incandescent lightbulb, phonograph, GE, etc. • Alexander Graham Bell - telephone

  14. New Inventions & Innovations • George Pullman – RR Sleeping Car • Henry Bessemer – Steel Production

  15. New Inventions & Innovations • Gustavus Swift – meatpacking & refrigerated RR cars • Philip Armour – canned meats

  16. “Robber Barons” • Cornelius Vanderbilt – steamboats & RR consolidation • J.P. Morgan – banking & finance

  17. “Robber Barons” • Andrew Carnegie - steel • Vertical Integration

  18. “Robber Barons” • John D. Rockefeller – Standard Oil • Horizontal Integration

  19. Robber Barons or Captains of Industry?

  20. The Granger Movement • Granger Laws – • Led to Interstate Commerce Act

  21. Populism • Farmers who attacked… • Wanted • Nationalized RR, telephone, telegraph • Graduated Income Tax • Loans for crops… • Free & unlimited coinage of silver…

  22. Gold Crisis • Farmers…. • “Free Silver”… • William Jennings Bryan – “The Cross of Gold”

  23. Gilded Age Political Corruption • Tammany Hall • “Boss System” the Political Machine • Boss Tweed

  24. Garfield’s Assassination • Political Patronage (Spoils System) • Charles Guiteau… • Chester Arthur becomes president • Civil Service Reform • Pendleton Act

  25. Immigration & The Gilded Age • Old Immigrants • North & Western Europe • Well Educated • Protestant • Generally Wealthier • Farmers, merchants • Spread out across nation • New Immigrants • South & Eastern Europe • Little Education • Catholic, Orthodox, other religions • Poor • Factory Workers • Stayed mainly in Eastern Cities

  26. Nativism

  27. Tenements

  28. Jacob Riis – How the Other Half Lives

  29. Jane Addams – Hull House

  30. Chinese Exclusion Act

  31. Gentleman’s Agreement

  32. Haymarket Square Riot 1886

  33. Samuel Gompers… Blacklisting… Collective Bargaining… Open and Closed Shops… American Federation of Labor (AFL)

  34. Pullman Strike • Eugene V. Debs….

  35. Coal Creek Labor Saga

  36. Booker T. Washington • “Atlanta Compromise” • “Cast down your bucket where you are…” • “No race can prosper until it learns there is as much dignity in tilling a field as in writing a poem….”

  37. W.E.B. DuBois • “Either the United States will destroy ignorance or ignorance will destroy the United States…” • “Now is the accepted time, not tomorrow, not some more convenient season…”

  38. Civil Rights Movement Emerges • Booker T. Washington • W.E.B. Dubois

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