Wavelength Amplitude Frequency Speed

1. Wavelength Amplitude Frequency Speed

3. 1900 – Max Planck

4. 1905 – Albert Einstein

5. The Photoelectric Effect When light is shone onto a metal surface, electrons are ejected from the surface.

6. The Photoelectric Effect

7. The Photoelectric Effect

9. “The particle-wave duality of light” Light has particle-like properties as well as wave-like properties.

10. 1913 – Niels Bohr Hydrogen Line Emission Spectrum

11. 1913 – Niels Bohr

12. 1913 – Niels Bohr • The electron in a hydrogen atom is usually in the n = 1 energy level. This is called the ground state for that atom. • When energy is supplied, the electron can move into a higher energy level. The atom is then said to be in an excited state. • When the e- returns to its ground state, energy is released.

14. 1924 – Louis de Broglie

15. 1924 – Louis de Broglie Any particle of mass m moving with a velocity v will have a de Broglie wavelength given by the following equation:  = h mv A particle of matter has a wavelength!

21. 1926 – Erwin Schrödinger

26. Order of Orbital Filling? 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p

27. Order of Orbital Filling? 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p WHY? • Sublevel Energy Splitting • Coulomb’s Law • Shielding and Penetration • Spatial distribution of electrons in sublevels

28. Coulomb’s Law

29. Shielding image from chemwiki.ucdavis.edu

30. Shielding

34. 4s 3d Distance from nucleus