Sustainability and Clean Air Vehicles: The London Perspective Alan Matthews

2. Sustainability and Clean Air Vehicles: The London Perspective Alan Matthews Head of Projects and Developments Public Carriage Office, Transport for London

3. Sustainability and Clean Air Vehicles Implications for taxis and private hire vehicles in London - what have we done so far - future plans European requirements UK National Requirements London Mayoral initiatives

4. European Requirements any passenger vehicle manufactured for sale for use within the EU is required to satisfy European Whole Type Approval (EWTA) EWTA defines standards for vehicle construction and safety Vehicles manufactured from specified dates are required to satisfy the relevant standard

5. European Emissions Standards EU have specified Euro emissions standards since 1997 Passenger cars can only be given EWTA provided they meet the relevant Euro standards for exhaust emissions The standards and effective dates are: - Euro III 1 January 2001 - Euro IV 1 January 2007 - Euro V 1 January 2011 - Euro VI 1 September 2016 EU standards specify limits for CO, HC, NOx and PM all new taxis in London required to meet Euro IV since January 2007 all other taxis in London required to meet Euro III since 1 July 2008

6. UK National Requirements National Vehicle Register (DVLA) all vehicles required to be registered with DVLA Vehicle information recorded on the DVLA record unique vehicle licence plate number vehicle owner name and address vehicle make, model and colour fuel type (eg petrol, diesel, hybrid etc) engine size Vehicle Excise Duty (VED) Band

7. VED Band information All vehicles registered since January 2001, DVLA records CO2 emissions by g/km The bands are: BandCO2 g/kmAnnual fee A up to 100 $0.00 B 101 – 120 $70.00 C 121 – 150 $240.00 D 151 – 165 $290.00 E 166 – 185 $340.00 F Over 185 $420.00 G Over 225 $800.00 concessions are permitted for alternative fuel vehicles all London taxis fall into band G

8. London Mayoral initiatives for improving air quality European requirements Low Emissions Zone (LEZ)

11. The London Low Emission Zone

12. Overview of Low Emission Zone Aims to discourage most individually polluting vehicles from being driven in London Heavy diesel-engine vehicles affected from 4 February 2008, with a phased introduction for other vehicles Vehicles have to meet specified emissions standards Operators can pay a daily charge to drive non-compliant vehicles in the LEZ Covers the majority of Greater London, inc. Motorways Operates all day, every day Enforced using fixed and mobile cameras with heavy penalties for non-compliance

14. Vehicles Affected by the LEZ (1) Trucks >12t GVW 4 Feb 2008 Euro III for PMJan 2012 Euro IV for PM • Includes: • Goods Vehicles • Motor Caravans • Motorised Horseboxes Trucks 3.5t - 12t GVW 7 July 2008 Euro III for PMJan 2012 Euro IV for PM Buses & Coaches • Includes: • Vehicles with more than 8 seats, plus the driver’s seat > 5t GVW 7 July 2008 Euro III for PMJan 2012 Euro IV for PM

15. Vehicles Affected by the LEZ (1) Large Vans • Includes: • Vehicles 1.205t unladen and 3.5t GVW • Motor Caravans Oct 2010 Euro III for PM Minibuses • Includes: • Vehicles with less than 8 seats, plus the driver’s seat Oct 2010 Euro III for PM

16. Options for Compliance Options available to operators include: Fitting a particulate abatement device Fitting a new compliant engine in the vehicle Buying a new or compliant second-hand vehicle Reorganising fleet so only compliant vehicles travel in zone Or paying the £200 daily charge (online, by phone or post) Failure to pay the charge will incur a £1000 Penalty Charge Notice A small number of vehicles are entitled to an exemption: Non-road going vehicles, e.g. mobile cranes, specialist plant Historic vehicles registered before 1973 Military vehicles Certain showmen’s vehicles

17. Implications for taxis and private hire vehicles in London What has the Public Carriage Office done so far? Taxis Emissions Strategy for taxis announced in March 2005 objective that all taxis to be Euro III compliant by 1 July 2008 achieved by way of ‘retrofit’ programme commencing July 2006 20p environmental charge to be added to all fares for 3 year period objective achieved

18. Private Hire Vehicles around 49,000 licensed private hire vehicles regularly monitor the age profile of the licensed fleet around 70% of the fleet are Euro III or better around 8% of the fleet fall within VED Band G

19. How do we monitor the taxi and private hire fleet? VED Bands as specified by the DVLA

20. Fuel Type

21. Taxi inspection pass rates 2007-08 by year of manufacture

22. Recent developments and plans for the future Mayoral change in London in May 2008 Mayoral commitment to scrap plans for charging $50 a day for Band G vehicles entering the Congestion Charge Zone Mayoral commitment to review the West London Zone extension

23. Initiatives being progressed by the PCO Low Carbon Taxi Project: to examine introduction of low carbon taxis into the London market by encouraging/promoting up to 10 prototype low carbon taxis for field trials and proof of concept Smarter Driving and Eco-Maintenance Campaign: aim to reduce CO2 emissions of taxis and 'for hire' vehicles in the short term by introducing an education and promotion campaign for drivers, owners, dispatching companies, taxi overhaulers

24. Initiatives being progressed by the PCO CO2 Limits Project: developing and recommending plans for introducing appropriate mandatory measures to reduce taxi and 'for hire' CO2 emissions through conditions of licensing (These projects to be progressed through to 2012)

25. Mercedes Vito Taxi

26. tfl.gov.uk