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TRAUMA. Turhan Özler M.D Assistant Professor. Yeditepe University Faculty of Medicine Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology. Trauma. A serious bodily injury or shock, as from violence or an accident. Trauma. Treatment starts from the time of injury First aid Transfer.
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TRAUMA Turhan Özler M.D AssistantProfessor Yeditepe University Faculty of Medicine Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology
Trauma • A serious bodily injury or shock, as from violence or an accident
Trauma • Treatment starts from the time of injury • First aid • Transfer
First Aid • First aid - the care given before emergency medical help arrives – • It can literally mean the difference between life and death.
First aid • A: Airway, Clear the airway • B:Breathing, Breathe for the person • C:Circulation, Restore blood circulation • D:Disability/Deficit, Look for neurologic impairment and cause • E:Exposure, Take off unnecessary clothes for wounds
First aid • Before all, • Is the person conscious or unconscious? • If the person appears unconscious, tap or shake his or her shoulder and ask loudly, "Are you OK?" • If the person doesn't respond, call 112
First aid • You have to give position to the patient • Realese tie ,scarf or neclace
First aid • Clear the airway • Check for spontaneus breathing
First aid • Open airway tract • Do not extend neck in a trauma patient unless a cervical fracture could be
First aid • Check pulse from caroid artery
First aid • If there is neither breathing nor hearth beating is observed, start CPR by mouth-to-mouth/mouth-to-nose rescue brathing
First aid • Place the heel of one hand over the 2-3 cm above the end of sternum • Place your other hand on top of the first hand. Keep your elbows straight and position your shoulders directly above your hands.
First aid • Use your upper body weight (not just your arms) as you push straight down on (compress) the chest 1 1/2 to 2 inches • Give two compressions per second, or about 100 compressions per minute.
First aid • Use your upper body weight (not just your arms) as you push straight down on (compress) the chest 1 1/2 to 2 inches • Give two compressions per second, or about 100 compressions per minute.
First aid • If there is another person, let her/him to help you • CPR can be so long and tiring
First aid • Numbers • Rescue breathing alone: 12-20/per minute • Compression alone 100-120/per minute • CPR alone: 1 rescue breath 15 compression/2 rescue breath 30 compression • CPR with helper: 2 rescue breathing 15 compression
First aid • When we will stop CPR • Never unless • You obtain spontaneus breathing and circulation • Ambulance arrived • Get really exhausted TIME DOES NOT MATTER
First Aid for Fracture • What will you do when you see this
First Aid for Fracture • In a trauma scene first look for “ABCDE” • If all is OK check for orthopaedic injuries • Spinal, thoracal, pelvic and extremity fractures row for importance • If there is a break in the skin surface, it can be rinsed to remove any visible dirt or other potential contamination. However, vigorous flushing or scrubbing of the wound should be avoided.
First Aid for Fracture • The broken bones immobilised with either a splint or string. Rolls of newspaper or strips of wood can be used. It is impotant to immobilize the area both above and below the injured bone.
First Aid for Amputation • Put a tourniquet proximal to the wound • Clean the wound if needed with saline or water • İf bleeding continues, put pressure on the beelding part with gause or clean cloth continuesly
First Aid for Amputation • Never live the amputate behind, it can be replanted • Never put the amputate in ice alone. Put it in wet gauses and wrap it in a waterproof bag and put that bag into ice bag • Time is important
Orthopedic Trauma • What is fracture • A break, rupture or crack in bone or cartilage
How to describe a fracture • Location • Name of the bone • Position with in the bone • Proximal • Mid • Distal
How to describe a fracture • Open / Closed • Complete / Incomplete • Simple / Comminuted • Description of Change In Anatomical Position
How to describe a fracture • OPEN/CLOSED • Closed • No break in the skin • Open (Compound) • Part of the bone protrudes through the skin
How to describe a fracture • COMPLETE/INCOMPLETE • Complete • All cortical surfaces disrupted • Incomplete
How to describe a fracture • COMPLETE/INCOMPLETE • Complete • Incomplete • Greenstick • break of one cortical margin only due to tension • Buckle • Plastic bowing fracture
How to describe a fracture • COMPLETE/INCOMPLETE • Complete • Incomplete • Greenstick • Buckle • buckling of cortex due to compression • Plastic bowing fracture Cortical Buckle
How to describe a fracture • COMPLETE/INCOMPLETE • Complete • Incomplete • Greenstick • Buckle • Plastic bowing fracture • microfractures but no gross visible fracture line Plastic Bowing
How to describe a fracture • SIMPLE / COMMINUTED • Simple • Single fracture line resulting in two bone fragments • Comminuted
How to describe a fracture • SIMPLE / COMMINUTED • Simple • Comminuted • More than two fracture fragments
How to describe a fracture • SIMPLE / COMMINUTED • Simple • Comminuted • More than two fracture fragments
How to describe a fracture • DIRECTION • Transverse • Spiral
How to describe a fracture • DESCRIPTION OF CHANGE IN ANATOMICAL POSITION • Length • Distraction • Shortening • over-riding • impacted • Displacement • Undisplaced • Varus,valgus.anterior,posterior • Angulation • Rotation
How to describe a fracture • DESCRIPTION OF CHANGE IN ANATOMICAL POSITION • Length • Distraction • Shortening • over-riding • impacted • Displacement • Undisplaced • Varus,valgus.anterior,posterior • Angulation • Rotation Distracted patella
How to describe a fracture • DESCRIPTION OF CHANGE IN ANATOMICAL POSITION • Length • Distraction • Shortening • over-riding • impacted • Displacement • Undisplaced • Varus,valgus.anterior,posterior • Angulation • Rotation
How to describe a fracture • DESCRIPTION OF CHANGE IN ANATOMICAL POSITION • Length • Distraction • Shortening • over-riding • impacted • Displacement • Undisplaced • Varus,valgus.anterior,posterior • Angulation • Rotation
How to describe a fracture • DESCRIPTION OF CHANGE IN ANATOMICAL POSITION • Length • Distraction • Shortening • over-riding • impacted • Displacement • Undisplaced • Varus,valgus.anterior,posterior • Describe direction of movement of the distal part of the bone • Angulation • Rotation
