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Who’s your Daddy? (Who’s your First Cousin)

Explore phylogenetic relationships in plants with cladistics analysis methods and crucial characters like retained embryo and multicellular gametangia. Learn about key evolutionary traits in plant lineage.

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Who’s your Daddy? (Who’s your First Cousin)

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  1. Who’s your Daddy? (Who’s your First Cousin)

  2. PHYLOGENY:

  3. Cladogram:

  4. Retained Embryo Multicellular Gametangia Phragmoplast APOMORPHIC CHARACTER:

  5. Retained Embryo Multicellular Gametangia AUTAPOMORPHIC CHARACTER:

  6. Phragmoplast Chlorophyll b SYNAPOMORPHIC CHARACTER:

  7. OUTGROUP VERSUS INGROUP Cell Membrane Nucleus Organelles PLESIOMORPHIC CHARACTER:

  8. PLESIOMORPHY or APOMORPHY? Retained Embryo Multicellular Gametangia Phragmoplast Chlorophyll b Cell Membrane Organelle Nucleus Outgroup Analysis

  9. Cladistics: Method for constructing phylogenetic trees that relies on _________________ and ..

  10. .. _________________ (Homoplasy = Parallel Evolution and Reversal of Character States)

  11. Cladogram:

  12. Anagenesis: Cladogenesis:

  13. Cladogenesis in Green Algae Retained Embryo Multicellular Gametangia Phragmoplast Chlorophyll b

  14. A) Monophyletic Group (= Clade):

  15. Example: Green Algae and Plants (Kingdom “Viridiplantes”) Retained Embryo Multicellular Gametangia Phragmoplast Chlorophyll b

  16. Example: “Angiosperms” ?

  17. B) Paraphyletic Group:

  18. Example: “Prokaryotes”

  19. Example: “Green Algae” Retained Embryo Multicellular Gametangia Phragmoplast Chlorophyll b

  20. C) Polyphyletic Group:

  21. Example: “Algae”

  22. Sister Group:

  23. Sister Groups: Chara Coleochaete Chlorella Chlamydomonas Oedogonium Spirogyra Ulva Retained Embryo Multicellular Gametangia Phragmoplast Chlorophyll b

  24. Types of Characters Used in Cladistics

  25. Types of Characters Used in Cladistics Cell Wall Components Cellulose Polygalactan Alginate

  26. Types of Characters Used in Cladistics Closed versus Open Mitosis Open Mitosis Closed Mitosis

  27. Types of Characters Used in Cladistics Role of Microtubules in Cell Wall Deposition Phycoplast Phragmoplast (No Role of Microtubules)

  28. Types of Characters Used in Cladistics Plasmodesma Present Absent

  29. Types of Characters Used in Cladistics Presence, Absence; Type of Flagella Isomorphic Flagella Dimorphic Flagella No Flagella

  30. Types of Characters Used in Cladistics Bounding Membranes of Chloroplast

  31. Types of Characters Used in Cladistics Thylakoid Structure Short Stacks Concentric Bands

  32. Types of Characters Used in Cladistics Pigments Chlorophyll a Chlorophyll b, c Beta-Carotene Phycoproteins

  33. Types of Characters Used in Cladistics Photosynthesis Storage Product Starch Floridean Starch Laminarin

  34. Types of Characters Used in Cladistics Life Cycle Haplontic Diplontic Alternation of Generations

  35. Types of Characters Used in Cladistics Gametangia Complexity Unicellular Multicellular

  36. Types of Characters Used in Cladistics Retained Embryo Yes No

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