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HEGRA

HESS II. HESS I. HEGRA. Personal view. Stimulate a discussion. 10m 2. 108m 2. 600m 2. HEGRA. HEGRA. Air shower experiment. > 6 different detector types (particles and gammas). Partly combined. Very good for evaluation of different techniques.

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HEGRA

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  1. HESS II HESS I HEGRA Personal view Stimulate a discussion 10m2 108m2 600m2

  2. HEGRA

  3. HEGRA Air shower experiment > 6 different detector types (particles and gammas) Partly combined Very good for evaluation of different techniques Imaging air Cherenkov telescopes seemed finally to be the most promising detectors From first telescope (6m2, 19pixel) Stereoscopic system with 5 identical telescopes (10m2, 271pixel)

  4. HESS HEGRA

  5. HESS I Dedicated experiment on γ-ray-astronomy in the energy range of TeV Stereoscopy with 4 identical telescopes Wide field of view Southern hemisphere

  6. HEGRA => HESS I Dedicated site under our control (including all the infrastructure) Large site => flexibility No interference with other experiments in the region Political problems successfully solved for Namibia Local crew Constant maintenance and fast repair Well prepared campaigns Clear and precise specifications Good balance in performance of telescope components Optimum on performance for money Precise specifications save a lot of money Better monitoring of internal conditions (bending, pointing…) and external conditions (weather…)

  7. Available and reliable technology = focus on physics Minimize need for human intervention Simple maintenance, little adjustment work Professional help on engineering How well do engineers understand their design? 1. Concrete foundation 2. Steel work (cut and welds) 3. Mechanical engineering (bearings, drives, safety) Experience in industry with antennas up to ~60m Ø dishes with better precision than is needed for Cherenkov telescopes Why reinvent the wheel, even if it might be fun A stiff and robust dish

  8. Our approach to HESS I (and now HESS II) Design studies (realization of our wishes, feasibility, cost estimate, steps in size which costs) Engineers prepare tender on a structure (mount + concentrator) b mechanical engineering Engineers help in the approval of technical components and their assembly Tracking Design of mirrors and adjustment mechanics + quality control + installation + adjustment Responsibility on the realisation stays with the collaboration Industry Collaboration

  9. HESS II HESS I

  10. HESS I => HESS II No principle change in the approach The current design was chosen from two studies Different company for engineering Tracking and safety concept by industry (only an adaptation of a standard industry product) Improvements in some details Drive system (biased, tooth wheels in elevation) Mirror adjustment (closer to dish)

  11. HESS I Schlaich Bergermann & Partner Solar dish technology Improve by x10 HESS II DRIVES! MT-Aerospace (former MAN technology) (biased, gear box) Radio telescopes technology Relax by x10

  12. Structure (mount, concentrator) Steel (Precisely defined Well controlled by engineers Fabrication with local companies) Mechanical engineering Bearings Standard items Drives HESS I has friction drive HESS II has tooth wheels Mirrors Aluminium as reflecting material Aging?? (~3%/a, dependent on the manufacturer) Coating?? thickness of aluminium, quartz? Cleaning?? quartz coating is fragile Mirror adjustments Stiff dish, adjust rarely

  13. Conclusions Dedicated large site Local crew Engineering for engineers Rely on available technology Be ready for new technology Do physics

  14. Assembly of first telescope

  15. Assembly of first telescope

  16. Die H.E.S.S. Teleskope(2003)

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