In 1667 Hooke discovered the rolw of oxygenation in the respitory system.

1. Hooke’s 1st observation of a cork. Hooke coined the word cell to describe the features of plant tissue he discovered using a compound microscope. • Micrographia was a series of observations made with the aid of magnifying lenses; some of these on very small things, some on astronomical bodies. Hooke's image of a flea is famous; perhaps less well-known is his invention of the term 'cell' in a biological context as a result of his studies of cork. 1st view of cork cells. • Hooke’s book, Micrographia (1665) put his extensive mathematical knowledge in formulating the theory of planetary movement, which provided a basis for Sirnewton’s theories of gravitation. • In 1667 Hooke discovered the rolw of oxygenation in the respitory system.

2. Antoine van Leeuwenhoek, The father of microscopy, Discovered single-celled organisms, which he called animalcules, growing in extracts of plants. Discovered and described protozoa, bacteria, and rotifers. Discovered algae and protozoa, and his studies of sperm cells and aquatic microbes created the science of microbiology. He was among the first to study microscopical anatomy, entomology, and particle structure; and his unprecedented high-power microscopes led to his discovery of bacteria. Inspired by the glasses used by drapers to inspect the quality of cloth. Instruments were made of gold and silver

3. NEHEMIAH GREW Nehemiah Grew was an English botanist and physician who lived from 1641-1712 Three of the books he wrote were: Anatomy of Vegetables (1672) Comparative Anatomy of Trunks (1675) Anatomy of Plants (1682) Anatomy of Plants is the book he is most noted for. Nehemiah Grew's greatest discovery was that plants have male and female sexes.

4. Jan Baptista van Helmont • 17th century Belgian physicist, Jan Baptista van Helmont, observed the growth of a willow tree and took various measurements in one of his scientific experiments. First he weighed the tree, then he weighed it a second time five years later, and saw that it was now 75 kilograms heavier. Yet, the soil in the pot in which the plant was grown lost only a few grams over the same time period. The physicist van Helmont revealed in this experiment that the soil in the pot was not the only reason for the growth of the willow tree. Since the plant had used only a very small part of the soil to grow, then it must have been receiving nutrition from somewhere else. • This occurrence, which van Helmont attempted to discover in the 17th century, was photosynthesis, some stages of which are still not understood in our own time. In other words, plants' producing their own nutrition. • Plants do not just use the soil when producing their own nutrition. Besides the minerals in the soil, they also use water and the CO2 (carbon dioxide) in the atmosphere. They take these basic materials and process them in microscopic factories in their leaves, thereby carrying out photosynthesis. Before examining the various stages of photosynthesis, it will be useful to take a look at leaves, which play an important role in this process.

5. John WoodwardEnglish Physician In 1699, John Woodward grew spearmint in rainwater, river water, and conduit water. He found that plants grew best in water that contained the most suspended material. Woodward concluded that plants are made up of constituents in the water derived from soil and not water alone. Britney Cleveland