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INTRODUCTION TO UTM COORDINATES AND MAP DATUMS

INTRODUCTION TO UTM COORDINATES AND MAP DATUMS. UTM COORDINATES. 300,000. 500,000. 700,000. 105. 108. 105. 102. ZONE CENTRAL MERIDIAN = 500,000 m. TRANSVERSE MERCATOR. UTM ZONES UNITED STATES. NM. UTM CARTISIAN COORDINATES. USGS MAPS AND UTM. COORDINATE SYSTEMS.

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INTRODUCTION TO UTM COORDINATES AND MAP DATUMS

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  1. INTRODUCTION TO UTM COORDINATES AND MAP DATUMS

  2. UTM COORDINATES 300,000 500,000 700,000 105 108 105 102 ZONECENTRAL MERIDIAN = 500,000 m

  3. TRANSVERSE MERCATOR

  4. UTM ZONES UNITED STATES NM

  5. UTM CARTISIAN COORDINATES

  6. USGS MAPS AND UTM

  7. COORDINATE SYSTEMS • NAD 27 = North American Datum, 1927 • NAV 29 = North American Vertical, 1929 • NAD 83 = North American Datum, 1983 • WGS 84 = World Geodetic System 1984 • (ALL GPS) • CORPSCON – CONVERSION PROGRAM

  8. INTRODUCTION TO MAGNETIC METHODS • Earth’s Magnetic Field • Rock Magnetism • Geologic Models Magnetic Anomaly Sources • Planning a Survey • Examples REFERENCE: Sheldon Breiner, Applications Manual for Portable Magnetometers www.georentals.co.uk/ampm-opt.pdf

  9. TOTAL FIELD MEASUREMENTS

  10. EARTH’S DIPOLE FIELD

  11. MAGNETIC ELEMENTS North F = Total Field Intensity I = Inclination D = Declination H = Horizontal Component X = North Component Y = East Component Z = Vertical Component East H = F cos I Z = F sin I = H tan I X = cos D Y = H sin D X² + Y² = H² X² + Y² + Z² = F²

  12. TOTAL INTENSITY 50 25 50 70 X 1000 nTeslas

  13. GEOMAGNETIC INCLINATION 80N 60N 0 60S 80S GEOMAGNETIC INCLINATION DEGREES OF ARC FROM HORIZONTAL

  14. CHANGES IN DECLINATION AND INCLINATION AT LONDON SINCE 1540SECULAR VARIATIONS Declination 2010 Inclination

  15. SOLAR DIURNAL VARIATIONS MID NORTHERN AND MID SOUTHERN LATITUDES EQUATORIAL LATITUDES 50 nT

  16. MICRO PULSATIONS 10 minutes 10 nT

  17. TYPICAL MAGNETIC STORM 50 nT 1 day

  18. CORRECTING FOR TIME VARYING FIELDS • F = f(x,y,z,t) • x = Easting (Longitude) • y = Northing (Latitude) • z = Elevation (very small effect) • t = time • FB= Field at Base Station (time dependent) • FR = Field at Rover (space/time dependent) • FC = Time Correct Field at Rover = FB – FR • GEOREF = Geomagnetic Reference Correction

  19. AVERAGE MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITIES BASIC IGENOUS Magnetic Susceptibility x 106 (c.g.s.) ACID IGNEOUS METAMORPHIC SEDIMENTARY

  20. MEASURED SUSCEPTIBILITIES OF ROCK MATERIALS

  21. INDUCED VS REMANENT MAGNETIZATION • Induced Magnetization • Polarization in direction of Earth’s Field • Remanent Magnetization • Thermoremanent (Curie Temperature) • Detrital (Depositional) • Chemical

  22. GEOLOGICAL MODEL REPRESENTATIONS OF COMMON MAGNETIC ANOMALY SOURCES

  23. Dipoles vs. Monopoles vs. Arrays of Poles

  24. ANOMALIES FOR GEOLOGICAL BODIES AT VARIOUS ORIENTATIONS AND FIELD INCLINATIONS 1 2 3 4 5 ↓ F F F →F →F T N-S T E-W T N-S T E-W

  25. TOTAL INTENSITY INDUCED DIPOLE SIGNATURESAT VARIOUS INCLINATIONS OF THE FIELD Induced dipole Vertical Field (North or South Poles) Induced dipole (Inclination 60º) Induced dipole Equatorial Field (Inclination 0º)

  26. REMANENT DIPOLE SIGNATURESMOMENT NOT PARALLEL TO INDUCING FIELD

  27. EFFECT OF DEPTH ON ANOMALY WIDTH The amplitude of the anomaly is maintained constant By adjusting the size of the anomalous body.

  28. DEPTH/AMPLITUDE BEHAVIOR OF DIPOLE ANOMALIES Note: Same Amplitude but Change in width M 8M M

  29. F 500 1 ton iron 100 nT 10 1 10 200 Ft DISTANCE

  30. ANOMALIES OF COMMON OBJECTS • OBJECTFt/nT Ft/nT • Automobile (1 ton) 30/40 100/1 • Ship (1000 ton) 100/300-700 1000/1 • Aircraft (light) 20/10-30 50/1 • Pipeline (12”) 25/50-200 50/12-50 • Wellhead 50/200-500 500/2-5 • Fenceline 10/15 25/1-2 • Rifle 5/10-50 10/ 2-10 • Revolver 5/10-20 10/1-2

  31. TYPICAL MAGNETIC ANOMALIES OF COMMON ARCHAEOLOGICAL FEATURES Shallow grave or pathway Humus-rich site of habitation Kiln-baked brick wall Sandstone wall in more magnetic soil Bricks in disarray Fire pit with bricks In original position Shallow tomb Deeply buried tomb

  32. PLANNING A SURVEY • SIZE OF TARGET • AERIAL EXTENT OF SEARCH • GROUND OR AIRBORNE • RESOLUTION OF SURVEY • FIELD METHODS • PITFALLS • EXAMPLES

  33. TYPICAL SEQUENCES OF TRAVERSES DURING SEARCH PROCEDURES Object location Total magnetic field contours (not known during search) Secondary Traverse Primary Traverse Primary Traverse Primary Traverse Final Traverse

  34. ESTIMATION OF DEPTH TO TOP OF ANOMALOUS BODIES USING MAXIMUM SLOPE

  35. Maximumslope5 m 52195 nT 52490 nT TN GN 52280 nT Contour Interval 5 nT

  36. F 500 SOLUTIONFORBILLS CRATER 1 ton iron 100 nT 10 1 10 200 Ft DISTANCE

  37. MAGNETIC EFFECT OF LATERAL SUSCEPTIBILITY CHANGE VS STRUCTURE

  38. HIGH RESOLUTION AIRBORNE MAGNETIC MAP OF THE SAGE 2010 FIELD AREA SAGE 2010 ARCH SITE SAGE 2005 MT PROFILE SAGE 2005 SEISMIC PROFILE

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