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Motivation

Motivation. Chapter 12. Motivation Concepts. Drive-Reducing Behaviors (eating, etc). Need (food, water). Drive (hunger, thirst). Drive reduction theory Drives and Instincts Homeostasis Push of need and pull of incentives Yerkes-Dodson Law “good” vs. “bad” Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

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Motivation

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  1. Motivation Chapter 12

  2. Motivation Concepts Drive-Reducing Behaviors (eating, etc) Need (food, water) Drive (hunger, thirst) • Drive reduction theory • Drives and Instincts • Homeostasis • Push of need and pull of incentives • Yerkes-Dodson Law • “good” vs. “bad” • Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs • “Humanistic Perspective”

  3. Physiology of Hunger • WWII Hunger Study • Stomach Contractions • Body Chemistry • Glucose level and caloric intake • The Brain • Hypothalamus • Lateral (sides) – brings on hunger • Ventromedial (middle) – suppresses hunger • Sends info to frontal lobe • Set-point • Basal metabolic rate

  4. Psychology of Hunger • “Externals” • Cultural Influences • Eating Disorders • Anorexia/Bulimia

  5. Sexual Orientation • “Sexual orientation is like handedness – most people are one way, a few the other. A very few are truly ambidextrous” • Gay parents DO NOT produce gay children • Factors in orientation • Certain cell clusters within the hypothalamus are larger in hetero- men than in either women or homosexual men • About 50% of identical twins share homosexuality • Prenatal hormone exposure

  6. The Need to Belong • Aiding Survival • Wanting to Belong • Social Acceptance • Conformity • Health Issues

  7. Achievement Motivation (AM) • Levels of AM • People with high levels prefer challenging tasks, with lower levels prefer either really easy or impossible tasks • Motivation more closely linked with success than “natural talent” • IQ is distributed in a bell curve, motivation is not • What “causes” motivation? • Emotional and cognitive roots

  8. More AM • Internal vs. External Motivation • Leper and Green’s overjustification effect • Reward Motivation vs. Incentive Motivation • Motivating People • I/O Psychology • Task vs. social leadership • Theory X vs. Theory Y

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