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Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle Eradication Efforts at JBHHH

Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle Eradication Efforts at JBHHH. Cory Campora NAVFAC Hawaii Environmental Department Natural Resources Program. Have 4 life stages: eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults.

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Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle Eradication Efforts at JBHHH

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  1. Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle Eradication Efforts at JBHHH Cory Campora NAVFAC Hawaii Environmental Department Natural Resources Program

  2. Have 4 life stages: eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults. • The eggs are laid and develop within rotting coconut logs or trimmings, mulch, or compost (females lay from 70 to 140 eggs total) • Adults emerge in about four months and live for about another 3 months • Adults are active and night and fly, usually staying near breeding site • Larvae are white, C-shaped grubs which grow to about 3.5 inches in length, much larger than any beetle in Hawaiʻi. Aubrey Moore /UOG Photos Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle

  3. CRB Life Stages

  4. Distribution • Africa: Mauritius, Mayotte, and Reunion • Asia: (Native to Southern and SE Asia) Bangladesh, Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, Chagos Archipelago, China, Cocos Islands, India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Maldives, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam • Middle East: Iran, Oman, Pakistan, and Yemen • Oceania: American Samoa, British Indian Ocean Territory, Fiji, Guam*, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Tokelau, Tonga, and Wallis and Futuna *Discovered in Guam in 2007

  5. Adult CRB burrows into crowns of coconut palms, betelnut, Manila, and other palms to feed on sap. • They do not stay in trees; they spend a few days, then leave

  6. Bore holes or feeding burrows are visible in developed fronds

  7. A side-hit may weaken frond and cause it to break and hang down

  8. Photo by Karl Magnacca • Feeding also may result in notches in developed fronds

  9. Aubrey Moore /UOG Photos • Feeding burrows in the base of fronds, or top of the trunk; may kill tree

  10. Adult beetles leave behind “chew” (chewed fibre)

  11. http://tnau.ac.in/eagri/eagri50/ENTO331/lecture07/001.html

  12. JBPHH Infestation • On 12/23/13, one suspect coconut rhinoceros beetle (CRB) was caught in a trap that was part of a Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey (CAPS) program between USDA APHIS PPQ and the University of Hawaii.

  13. Primary breeding site 1st detection

  14. 2,000 cubic yards

  15. Response • 1/9/14 CRB Incident Command Team established (HDOA and USDA – CRB is federally actionable pest) • 1/10/14 Incident Command Team met with JBPHH personnel • HDOA lead on response with JBPHH and Navy Region Hawaii providing /access/support/assistance etc.

  16. Response Efforts • Survey for and elimination of breeding sites • Delimiting surveys (traps and tree surveys) • Quarantine green waste to limit movement • Outreach

  17. Eliminating Breeding Sites

  18. Active breeding sites were #1 priority

  19. Eliminating Breeding Sites Options: • Open Burning • Incineration • Composting • Fumigation • Spray with pesticide • Steam • Pigs • Dump in ocean • Put in sealed containers • Spread out and crush • Cover with plastic and heat As method was being determined, decision was made (approx 1/14/14) to grind all active breeding material in tub grinder (2x) to kill later life stages.

  20. 2/24/14 - Primary breeding site was considered mitigated • ground 2x • placed on sheeting • covered with netting • awaiting incineration or other disinfecting action

  21. Eliminating Breeding Sites • Composting selected as the way ahead • Requires some testing • All breeding material will be consolidated at one location within quarantine zone, chipped, and then heated via composting to kill all stages of CRB • Material will then be transported for use as soil amendment • Additional intensive breeding site surveys required

  22. Delimiting Surveys (Trapping & Visual) • Utilizing effective trap designs developed by the University of Guam • Barrel Traps, Bucket Traps, Panel Traps, and

  23. Seabees assisting with barrel trap construction

  24. Delimiting Surveys • Tree Surveys • Inspect for notched/damaged fronds • Inspect for bore holes or feeding burrows

  25. Thru 3/10/14

  26. Traps thru 3/10

  27. Thru 3/10/14

  28. thru 3/10

  29. Green Waste Quarantine

  30. Outreach

  31. Outreach State Pest Hotline All sightings of coconut rhinoceros beetles or sign of beetle damage (hole in the base of palm frond or crown of coconut tree; or v-shaped cuts in fronds) should be reported to 643-PEST (643-7378)

  32. Outreach • CNRH ARE staff and JBPHH POA conducting outreach to on-base and nearby elementary schools • Live beetle demonstrations • Adopt a trap program • Information materials

  33. Successes • Support from Navy leadership • Support from USDA and State of Hawaii DOA • Implementation of University of Guam expertise • Coordination between agencies • Innovative solutions

  34. Challenges • Expectations between agencies • Conflicting issues: • Little Fire Ant • Red Hill fuel leak • Dead pygmy sperm in Pearl Harbor • Job conflicts • Response/mitigation capability • Navy Funding: FX or EV?

  35. Future Considerations • Biosecurity SOPs/protocols/Instructions • Monitoring near ports of entry • Partnerships/Cooperation with USDA • Management of green space near the airfield Photo by:  Dr. Allen Allison, Bishop Museum 

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