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The Civil War

By: Alex Farrow. The Civil War. B http://www.rbhayes.org/hayes/content/images/civil_war_research/3b4977wagner.jpg?694908 . The civil war. Starting date April 12, 1861 at the battle at Fort Sumter Ending date April 9, 1865 at the Appomattox Courthouse The causes of the war : States rights

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The Civil War

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  1. By: Alex Farrow The Civil War B http://www.rbhayes.org/hayes/content/images/civil_war_research/3b4977wagner.jpg?694908

  2. The civil war • Starting date April 12, 1861 at the battle at Fort Sumter • Ending date April 9, 1865 at the Appomattox Courthouse The causes of the war: • States rights • Slavery

  3. The Union states New York New Jersey Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island Vermont • California • Connecticut • Illinois • Iowa • Kansas • Maine • Massachusetts • Michigan • Minnesota • Nevada • New Hampshire http://ep.yimg.com/ca/I/united-states-flag_2150_50693506

  4. The Confederate States North Carolina Virginia • Texas • Arkansas • Louisiana • Mississippi • Tennessee • Alabama • Georgia • Florida • South Carolina http://scrapetv.com/News/News%20Pages/usa/Images/confederate-flag.jpg

  5. Border States • Maryland • Kentucky • Missouri • Delaware • West Virginia • These states believed in slavery but they did not believe in seceding from the union. http://www.kshs.org/exhibits/blc/graphics/map_civil_war.jpg

  6. Presidents of the war • Abraham Lincoln was the president of the union forces and was elected actually as the president of the United Stated right before the war • Jefferson Davis was elected the president of the confederate states after the war started http://www.authorama.com/files/abraham-lincoln.gif http://www.knowledgehouse.info/images/Jefferson_Davis.png

  7. The Alliances of the confederacy • The insufficient supplies of the confederate army put them on a great setback. All they knew how was plant crops and grow tobacco in most cases. • They greatly needed guns and ammunition • They relied on these countries to supply them with these things… • Guns • Ammunition • Cannons • Gunpowder England France http://euche.co.uk/images/british-flag.jpg http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/flags/countrys/zzzflags/frlarge.gif

  8. The battle of Fort Sumter http://www.sonofthesouth.net/leefoundation/sumter/ft-sumter-1_Picture1.jpg Before • Battle started on April 12, 1861 in Fort Sumter South Carolina, right of the coast of Charleston. • The confederates had taken control of South Carolina except Fort Sumter. • The confederates needed this fort to control all of South Carolina • The confederates, lead by, Brigadier General Beauregard launched an attack on the union troops catching them off guard. • The battle lasted for two days usually stopping at night for they couldn’t see. General Meade held the confederates off for those days but finally surrendering the fort which handed the confederates South Carolina. • The war was started • There were no causalities in this battle on either sides!! After http://lovettus106.pbworks.com/f/1165358202/fort%20sumter.jpg

  9. The First Battle Of Bull Run http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_IKRWduiHSLI/TTzST-R18eI/AAAAAAAABR8/4r41pNWb7yw/s1600/Bull%2BRun.jpg

  10. The first battle of Bull Run • July 21, 1861 • Occoquan River or Manassas, Virginia Union • Brigadier General Irvin McDowell (Union) had a plan that he was going to march down to Richmond Virginia to capture the capital of the Confederacy with his army (the union). Confederate • Brigadier General Beauregard commanded the confederate troops in this battle. • During the battle General Beauregard needed fresh supplies so relied on Colonel Jackson to fend off the Union troops • After Jackson held the union soldier off until General Beauregard gathered supplies they launched a counter attack Counter Attack • The Confederate troops pushed the union back until they were forced to retreat to Washington D.C. Aftermath • After the battle Colonel Jackson received the nickname “Stonewall Jackson” for holding off the union troops while General Beauregard gathered supplies Causalities • Union • 2,896 • Confederate • 1,982 Significance • This battle symbolized that this war was going to be long and bloody.

  11. Battle Of Gettysburg • July 1-3, 1863 • Gettysburg, Pennsylvania Union • The union under control by General George Meade wanted to stop the Confederate troops from traveling north. • 93,921 troops Confederate • The confederates under control by General Robert E. Lee were traveling north to attack the unions stronghold in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Engaging any Union troops in his way. • 71,699 troops The Battle • The battle lasted three days long • Day one: the Confederate troops outdueled the union’s and forced a retreat • Day two: Union troops held their ground all day despite the heavy attacks from the Confederates. • Day three: 12,500 Confederate troops attacked Union troops on Cemetery Ridge also known as Pickett's Charge. Even though this was a heavy charge the Union troops held them off with great artillery fire.

  12. http://www.whyguides.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/gettysburgbattle.jpghttp://www.whyguides.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/gettysburgbattle.jpg

  13. Battle of Gettysburg continued… Causalities • Union:23,055 • 3,155 killed • 14,531 injured • 5,399Captured or Missing • Confederate:23,231 • 4,708 killed • 12,693 Wounded • 5,830 Captured or Missing • Lee took the blame upon himself after the loss to the Union. • The battle signaled the turning point for the Union for they became more successful after that battle. • Also had the most troops and causalities that any other war http://www.old-picture.com/civil-war/pictures/Dead-People.jpg http://www.amoeba.com/dynamic-images/blog/Job/Battle_of_Gettysburg_By_Currier_and_Ives.png

  14. 2nd battle of Fort Fisher http://blog.markjohnsoncustomhomes.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/fort20fisher2003-1020c.jpg

  15. 2nd Battle of Fort Fisher • January 13-15, 1865 • After the Union failed to capture the Fort at Fort Fisher from the Confederates the union launched the second attack at Fort fisher. • The Blockade runners supplied all of the Confederates by traveling down to the Bahamas were the English were, and traded cotton and tobacco for guns and ammunition. • The Fort was made all of Earth and sand. Union • Major General Alfred Terry who commanded 9,000 Union soldiers • Rear Admiral David D. Porter commanded 60 ships outside of the Fort. Confederate • Major General W.H.C. Whiting commanded Colonel William Lamb who commanded 1,900 troops inside Fort Fisher. • Robert F. Hoke commanded 6,400 ground troops just north of the Fort (Wilmington) • General Bragg didn’t want Hoke’stroops to go any further because he wanted Wilmington to stay safe

  16. 2nd Battle At Fort Fisher continued • The Battle: • General Terry landed below Hoke’s troops and above the Fort and stated to move down towards the Fort • Porter’s ships attacked the Fort with heavy artillery fire for two days! • At 2:30 p.m. on the second day the naval attacked stopped giving way to a full fledged land attack. • This battle included fierce hand to hand combat • General Whiting and Colonel Lamb was killed. • The surrender call was given by Confederates by 10:00 p.m. • This battle led to the battle at Wilmington which was won by the Union • That cause the close up of the last confederate port. • Causalities • Union-1,338 • Confederate-583 http://images.ookaboo.com/photo/s/Capture_of_Fort_Fisher_s.jpg

  17. The Battle of Five Forks • April 1st, 1865 • Dinwiddie county, Virginia Union • Major General Phillip Sheridan commanded 17,000 men • Lieutenant Ulysses S. Grant ordered Sheridan's troops to push southwest of Petersburg hoping to push General Robert E. Lee’s right flank away from the city. Confederates • Major General George E. Pickett commanded 9,200 men • General Lee told Pickett to hold The Railroad at five forks at all costs. Battle • Major General Phillip Sheridan moved quickly to the confederate forces but had to slow down due to the muddy roads and the faulty maps. • Sheridan attacked with quickness at the front with his cavalry while his other troops attacked from the side. • The attack was so delayed that General Pickett was attending a dinner. • The confederates retreated until they were surrounded and were forced to retreat. • This battle helped Grant decide that he was going to attack Petersburg which happened the next day • Lee’s lined were broken up after the battle so that forced him to retreat towards Appomattox County.

  18. Continued… Causalities • Union • 803 killed • Confederates • 604 killed as well as 2,400 captured http://www.sonofthesouth.net/leefoundation/civil-war/1865/battle-five-forks-sheridan.jpg http://www.vahistorical.org/img/publications/fiveforks.jpg

  19. The Battle of Appomattox Courthouse • April 9, 1865 • Appomattox County, Virginia • After the capturing of Petersburg, General Robert E. Lee left the capital of the confederates. • He and his troops were heading southwest towards North Carolina but encountered Lt. General Ulysses S. Grant’s troops • On April 7th, Lees received a letter from Grant requesting a surrender. But Lee refused. • Lee refused because he was waiting for supplies at the Appomattox train station, he thought that he could win if he had some more supplies. • On April 8th, before the confederates got their the union calvery burned their supplies. • On April 9th in the morning Lee was attacked by a small fleet of Grant’s troops, but were finished off easily. • Lee continued on were he encountered the rest of Grant’s troops. • Lee surrendered. Surrender • on April 9th at 11:50 a.m., Lee sent a letter to Grant telling him that he had agreed to surrender.

  20. Continued.. Agreeing terms • The major artillery would be turned over to he union • All side arms, horses, and mules would remain under their control. • No imprisonment for committing treason or going against your own government. That is what the Confederates did. Causalities • Union- 164 killed • Confederate-500 killed and 27,800 surrendered http://christopherfountain.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/saluteofhonor.jpg

  21. The END of the Civil War • April 9th, 1865 • Appomattox courthouse, Virginia • General Robert E. Lee officially surrendered to lt. General Ulysses S. Grant in the Appomattox Courthouse. • This surrender pretty much ended the war. • General Lee’s clothes were very mangled when he surrendered, while, on the other hand Grant was dressed up and had trimmed up beard for the occasion. • After the Surrender • After the surrender there were still 175,000 troops still out in the field. • The last battle surrendered by the confederates was on June 23, 1865. http://www.civilwarhome.com/images/surrender.jpg

  22. Weapons • Cannons • Napoleon- • 12 pound shot Howitzer- • 12,24,32 pound shot • Effective range of 250-1700 yards http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3494/4007796490_866378aeaa.jpg http://www.artillerysociety.co.uk/images/6lbCannon2.jpg http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3494/4007796490_866378aeaa.jpg http://civilwarconnection.tripod.com/24pdSolid.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/American_Civil_War_era_12_lb_howitzer_cannon_used_in_the_battle_of_Corydon_reenactment_.jpg http://www.civilwarantiqueshop.com/images/r12t.jpg

  23. Rifles • The civil war rifle was used by both sides in the war and from 1859-1872 • A muzzleloader • It’s accuracy is from 100-400 yards • The bullet is combined with gunpowder http://www.nps.gov/archive/gett/soldierlife/graphics/m61sprngfld.jpg http://www.all-about-forensic-science.com/images/gunpowder-residue-forensics-21285913.jpg

  24. Pistols • Colt 1851 Navy which was used by the confederates in the war. • Single action, holds six shots • Accurate 50-75 yards or 25-50 yards • Colt Army 1860 which was used by the union in the war. • Single action, holds six shots • Accurate 50-75 yards or 25-50 yards http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_aQNtsIbdNrw/SwHFbjDO6wI/AAAAAAAAAg0/Wcdyok7T6Yk/s1600/1851_navy_lg.jpg • Both of these pistols shot this bullet http://www.shadowlandstudios.com/2nd_US_Cav/Equipment/M1860_Colt_Army.jpg http://www.astronomy-pictures.net/telescopes/telescope-image-large/leet-hall-civil-war-pistol-bullet-scarce_190491667021.jpg

  25. Swords • 1850’s officer sword was used by both sides usually by an officer • Bayonet: attached to the end of a rifle used to stab people after fired • Close combat What its good for http://www.stanleylondon.com/swordcavalry1.jpg http://cache4.asset-cache.net/xc/50613798.jpg?v=1&c=IWSAsset&k=2&d=E41C9FE5C4AA0A140575950351DD1FBA8B269E4051F8A7B720BD0254BEE67922B01E70F2B3269972 http://arms2armor.com/Bayonets/rus1891c.jpg

  26. Transportation • The main transportation for supplies was trains. • They were also used for transporting whole armies at a time • Horses were used for transportation and for maneuvering in a battle also known as the cavalry section of the army • If neither of these things are available the troops had to walk from battle to battle or from base to base.

  27. http://www.firstmdus.net/Rail%20cars_files/image002.jpg http://pawpawhollerhome.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/800px-general_r_e_lee_and_traveler.jpg http://www.firstmdus.net/Rail%20cars_files/image002.jpg http://www.yorkblog.com/cannonball/marching.jpg http://www.printsoldandrare.com/blackhistory/018bh.jpg

  28. Civil War Ships • U.S.S. Monitor • Fully Armored ship • Complete with a full rotating turret on top • C.S.S. North Carolina • An ironclad warship used for heavy artillery fire. http://www.batdev.ussindianabb58.com/ship/USSmonitor05.jpg http://www.brooklynonline.com/images/mondeck.jpg http://ecardmodels.com/oscthumb.php?src=/images/ncaft1.resized.JPG&w=200&h=150&f=jpg&q=95&hash=3156337e7ddf400417347a5120b5f7cf

  29. How did the Civil War effect our future? • The civil war in my perspective changed my future in plenty of ways. If the Civil War had not been fought we might have still kept slaves and the idea that every man is created equal would not be fulfilled, and states could have seceded whenever they wanted to. We might have fifty states with fifty different governments. Or we might not have fifty states at all. Freedom of speech might have never come into play or our we might not have states rights. http://mrkash.com/activities/images/civilwar.jpg

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