Update on PED

1. Update on PED Lisa Becton, DVM, MS, DACVPM Dir. Swine Health National Pork Board

2. PED Initial Events • PED was confirmed in the US on May 17th, 2013 by diagnostic tests at the USDA National Veterinary Services Laboratory (NVSL) in Ames, IA • PED is was new to the US, but not new to Asian countries (S. Korea; China; Thailand) • Strain initially found in the US is 99.4% similar to a Chinese isolate from 2012

3. Status of PED as of 9-25-13 • 644 total case submissions + for PED • Do not know # of sites only # of cases • 17 states with known + cases • CO; IA; IL; IN; KS; MI; MN; MO; NC; NY; OH; OK; PA; SD; TN; TX; WI • Top 4 states: IA= 188; OK = 160; KS = 80; NC = 52

5. National Pork Board Focus • Assist in the investigation of source of the virus • Research of PEDV and impact for US producers • Development of producer information/resources • Containment/management strategies

6. Initial Investigation • American Association of Swine Veterinarians; National Pork Producers Council, USDA and NPB • Issued survey to vets of initial farms that broke • Identified feed as a risk factor • But…cannot say for certain that feed is the “smoking gun” • Continued efforts with USDA and FDA are underway to evaluate risks associated with imported feedstuffs

7. PEDV Research Efforts • The Board has approved $800,000 for use for PEDV since June 2013 • Current research focus: • Study of how PED effects pigs • Development of diagnostic tests for PED • Development of methods to grow the virus (vaccine and test development) • Survivability in feed, water, manure, slurry, and n trailers

8. PED Research • Diagnosis • Propagation • Antibodies • Pathogenesis • Aerosol • Environmental Stability • Manure • Surfaces • Epidemiology • Transmission

9. PED Research Information • Initial results posted from researchers • Available on pork.org/PED • Updates provided bi-weekly

10. Virus Transmission and Pathogenesis • *Information posted are preliminary results (not final…) • Virus can shed for extended time in younger pigs • Research is underway to determine if PED transmits via aerosol spread • Reduction of viral load in the pigs’ environment can reduce the potential spread of PED

11. What else do we need know about PED? • Formation and duration of immunity after infection; What level of immunity is needed for full protection? • Can immunity be overwhelmed? • Continued development and implementation of surveillance strategies for PED • Evaluate strategies for trailer disinfection

12. The role of harvest plant lairage and transportation in propagating the initial stages of an outbreak of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus in the United States in 2013. James F. Lowe, DVM, MS Diplomate ABVP (Food Animal) Lowe Consulting Ltd. Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois

13. What we learned • Trailers can become contaminated at packing plants but less than one clean trailer is contaminated for each contaminated trailer that arrives a the plant. • There is contact by EVERY driver with the plant lairageand that appears to be sufficient to allow for PEDV movement between trailers. • More contact between trailer and plant is associated with higher rates of PEDV spread

14. There are some but not huge differences between plants

15. What does it mean to me? • Small changes in contact and viral load could have big impacts on numbers of infected trailers at exit. • We don’t have to have perfect hygiene of trailers to have a meaningful impact.

16. Development of Producer Resources • Outreach to all industry groups affected by PED • Discuss what is needed: what do we know/not know? • Targeted meetings: • Packers/processors/buying stations • Feed ingredient organizations/FDA • World Pork Expo • Veterinary meetings

17. PED Communications and Outreach • News Releases (2) • Pork Leader articles/links (multiple) • Industry Insider articles/links (multiple) • Pork Podcasts (3) • Update Newsletter (32,000 producers, 4 times so far) • Spotlight Feature on pork.org homepage with links (permanent) • Spotlight on Research in Research REVIEW Newsletter, July-August issue • Feature Story in Pork Checkoff Report (September issue) • Updates in JSHAP (ongoing) • Research funded by Pork Checkoff posted under Latest News on pork.org Research tab • Shortcut URL to PEDV Checkoff-funded Research Updates: www.pork.org/pedv

18. Biosecurity Focus • Focus on what can be done to minimize or prevent the spread of PED • How can we do this? Examples… • Understand areas of risk (commingling points, chutes, trailers) • Set up a line of separation • Use of additional clothing/footwear to prevent contamination

19. Development of Producer Resources • Formation of Working Groups to focus on key areas of need • Biocontainment (if you have it, how to not spread it) • Biosecurity/Transportation (how to keep it out) • Packing Plant Biosecurity Working Group (how can you control multiple sources of pigs and minimize spread) • Market hog • Buying stations

20. Progress . . . Various efforts are aligning • Biocontainment Working Group • “Line of Separation” • Diagnostics for status surveillance • Site status • Manure pumping • Infected farm protocols, strategies, expected timelines and site status for producers

21. Guidelines for Diagnosis of PED Virus • Lab diagnosis needed for determining site status • Managing biosecurity or biocontainment • Specifics of specimen collection • Feces • Oral fluids

22. PED Biosecurity Guidelines

23. Progress . . . Various efforts are aligning • Biosecurity / Transportation Working Group • “Line of Separation” • Cover-up • With protective gear (boots, coveralls, gloves) to minimize the risk of contamination. • Contain • Dispose of or properly contain any contaminated gear. • Clean • And disinfect any re-usable gear for the next site. • Protect yourself and assume responsibility for the biosecurity of your manure hauling equipment.

24. Progress . . . Various efforts are aligning • Packing Plant Biosecurity Working Group • Biosecurity principles for packing plants • Experts offering ‘boots on the ground’ assistance for plant biosecurity reviews • Reports of changes in packing plant procedures • “Line of Separation” • Bills of Lading

25. PED Biosecurity Guidelines

26. For Markets and Transfer Points: • Take Control !!! • DON’T TRANSFER DISEASE • SET THE LINE OF SEPARATION • COVER UP • CLEAN UP • CONTAIN

27. Identify the “Line of Separation” No cross traffic at this point !

29. Use of disposable boots/coveralls

33. Revision of TQA • Revisions will reflect the changing recommendations developed by the Working Groups • Will have supplemental information that can be updated more quickly

34. TQA Key Points of Focus • Think of Every Site/Stop as Being A Risk to the Biosecurity of Your Vehicle • Prevent introduction of a pathogen • As part of an overall biosecurity plan, the use of clean and disinfected trucks and trailers and clean drivers for use at different sites help to reduce the risk of disease spread.

35. What’s Next? • New recommendations now available for: • Exhibit Organizer biosecurity • Exhibitor biosecurity (supplements the brochure) • Breeders/sales biosecurity (yet to come) • Working groups to continue to focus on areas of need: dead management; laminated copies of protocols

36. PED Resources • www.pork.org • Biosecurity updates, newsletters and research updates • Refer to AASV website for weekly status updates on number of cases (www.aasv.org)

37. Questions?