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Detection of Spread-F and foF2 values using Digisonde and VIPIR instruments

Preeti Bhaneja Terry Bullett November 8, 2011. Detection of Spread-F and foF2 values using Digisonde and VIPIR instruments. Index. Introduction Data Analysis – methodology Data Presentation Summary of ionosonde study at midlatitude regions . Future Work. 2.

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Detection of Spread-F and foF2 values using Digisonde and VIPIR instruments

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  1. PreetiBhaneja Terry Bullett November 8, 2011 Detection of Spread-F and foF2 values using Digisonde and VIPIR instruments

  2. Index Introduction Data Analysis – methodology Data Presentation Summary of ionosondestudy at midlatitude regions. Future Work 2

  3. Ionospheric irregularities are temporal and spatial variations of the electron density lasting from a couple minutes to a few hours. • Midlatitude Spread F (MSF) and Equatorial Spread F (ESF) are fundamentally different due to their different magnetic geometry; horizontal magnetic lines at equatorial region and dip angle exceeds 45° at midlatitude regions. • ESF is generally caused by Rayleigh Taylor instability, bubbles and large plumes. • MSF is caused due to gravity waves causing ionospheric layers to move creating density perturbations. • How the MSF and ESF vary with different seasons will be shown in this presentation. Introduction 3

  4. Data analyzed for these stations: Introduction 4

  5. The O mode trace for an ionogram on a day with no spread F is shown - Data Analysis - Non-spread Ionogram Midlatitude Non-Spread F event on 20 November 2004 at 6 UT. EquatorialNon-Spread F event on 5 June 2010 at 2 UT. Ionogram traces have a finite thickness due to the finite bandwidth of the ionosonde. This is an instrument effect. 5

  6. Ionograms obtained for spread F show thickness or spread in the F region which is more than that obtained for a normal ionosphere. Data Analysis - Ionogram for a spread event (Midlatitude Region) • MidlatitudeSpread F event on 1 November 2003 at 6 UT. This is an ionosphere effect and signifies irregularities in the plasma densities in the ionosphere. 6

  7. The spread F observed on ionograms can be classified as range or frequency spread. Range spread F*refers to a condition in which there are multiple echoes at different ranges for each frequency. Frequency spread F*refers to the case in which multiple echoes at different frequencies for each range. *Definitions different than URSI Data Analysis - Range & Frequency Spread F and foF2(Midlatitude Region) 7

  8. The software analyzes the ionogram and determines the location of box 1 and box 2. The height and width of box 1 is fixed. The height and width of box 2 varies with the values of foF2 and hF2. Edge detection is done on both the boxes to find the bottom side of box 1 and right side of box 2. Large pixel counts in box 1 correspond to range spreading. Large pixel counts in box 2 correspond to frequency spreading. The threshold levels for boxes have been chosen by visually inspecting large number of ionograms. Data Analysis - Range & Frequency Spread F and foF2(Midlatitude Region) 8

  9. Different kinds of spread are observed on ionograms generated from Jicamarca data. Range Spread, Range and Frequency Spread Spread in a form of big blob Data Analysis - Ionogram for a spread event(Equatorial Region) 9

  10. The location, height and width of box is fixed. Large pixel counts in box correspond to spread event. The threshold levels for boxes have been chosen by visually inspecting large number of ionograms. Spread events have been quantified, and type of spread is not distinguished. foF2 is not measured for spread cases due to lack of clear trace. Data Analysis - Spread F Measurement (Equatorial Region) 10

  11. Similar analysis as used for midlatitude region data, is used for equatorial region data. The height and width of boxes 1 and 2 are changed for equatorial region. Edge detection is done on both the boxes to find the bottom side of box 1 and right side of box 2. foF2 is determined for non spread events. Data Analysis - foF2 Measurement(Equatorial Region) 11

  12. Data processed : Wallops, Dyess, and Vandenberg : 1996-2007. Boulder : 2004-2007. Jicamarca : 2010-2011. We consider only night-time data from 7 PM-5 AM LT. The digisonde produces ionograms every 15 minutes, 24 hours a day : 44 ionograms/night . The VIPIR produces ionograms every 1 minute, 24 hours a day : 720 ionograms/night . Raw data were obtained in binary format and filtered and processed to generate ionograms for statistical analysis. This was done for all 4 stations and data for 4 solar cycles have been processed and analyzed for midlatitude region. Similar analysis with change in box locations have been done for Jicamarca data. Data Presentation - Data Description 12

  13. The spread F events, the onset times, duration and type of spread F are determined and these values are stored in a text file. Monthly plot shown for December 2009 using data from Wallops Island. Data Presentation – Prototype Plot (midlatitude) 13

  14. Number of Spread F Days/Year for an entire solar cycle from 1996-2007. No Data Presentation – Solar Cycle Variation (MSF) Most spread F events occur during solar minimum. 14

  15. Average Number of Spread F Days/Month for an entire solar cycle from 1996-2007. Data Presentation – Seasonal Variation (MSF) 15

  16. The spread F events, the onset time, duration and spread F are determined and these values are stored in a text file. Monthly plot shown for July 2011 using data from Jicamarca. Data Presentation – Prototype Plot (equatorial) 16

  17. Average Number of Spread F Days/Month for 2010-2011. Data Presentation – Seasonal Variation (ESF) 17

  18. The foF2 values determined for digisonde data and compared again ARTIST scaled values. These values are also checked against manually scaled ionogram values. The plot shows daily foF2 variation for March 16, 2010. Data Presentation – Comparison Plot (midlatitude) 18

  19. The foF2 values determined for both digisonde and VIPIR data are compared again ARTIST and ESIR scaled values. These values are also checked against manually scaled ionogram values. ESIR gives incorrect foF2 values for most of the time and even skips scaling at night-time hours. The plot shows daily foF2 variation for August 10, 2011. Data Presentation – Comparison Plot (midlatitude) 19

  20. The foF2 values determined for digisonde data and compared again ARTIST. These values are also checked against manually scaled ionogram values. The ARTIST attempts to scale even the spread ionograms where the foF2 is not visible or clear. The plot shows daily foF2 variation for January 1, 2011. Data Presentation – Comparison Plot (equatorial) 20

  21. Solar Cycle Variation Spread F occurs more frequently and lasts longer for solar min. Seasonal Variation The 4 stations show different seasonal variation patterns. This may be due to the local angle of declination. Summary of ionosonde study for MSF 21

  22. Differentiate ESF into quantity and quality….statistics on ESF occurrence and the type of spread F. Determine a statistical study of ESF using digisonde and VIPIR data. Determine the reasons for various kinds of spread in ESF. Find a accurate way to measure foF2 value. Future Work 22

  23. Acknowledgements • Work in cooperation with NGDC/NOAA. • QUESTIONS ???

  24. Extra

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