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Availability of Low-GWP Alternatives Options for Near Term & Longer Term Transitions

This presentation explores the availability of low-GWP alternatives to ozone-depleting substances (ODS) and high-GWP hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). It discusses specific examples, the relationship between ODS and greenhouse gases, and the potential for skipping higher-GWP HFCs and transitioning directly to lower-GWP alternatives. The presentation also highlights the different sectors that will transition at different times and the factors influencing the speed of transition.

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Availability of Low-GWP Alternatives Options for Near Term & Longer Term Transitions

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  1. Availability of Low-GWP AlternativesOptions for Near Term & Longer Term Transitions OZONACTION NETWORK FOR LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN OCTOBER 6-8 2010 Mexico, D.F. Cindy Newberg, Branch Chief Alternatives & Emissions Reduction Branch US Environmental Protection Agency

  2. Scope of Presentation Context: ODS and HFCs Availability of Substitutes: Different Sectors at Different Times Specific Examples SNAP Summary

  3. Relationship Between Ozone Depleting Substances and Greenhouse Gases Greenhouse Gases Ozone Depleting Substances (Halogen Gases) HFCs Halons CO2 HFC-23 Methyl Chloride (CH3Cl) N2O H-1301 HFC-134a H-1211 HFC-125 HCFCs CH4 Methyl Bromide (CH3Br) CFCs Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4) SF6 PFCs Methyl Chloroform (CH3CCl3) CFC-11 CFC-12 CFC-113

  4. Many Substitutes Available and More on the Way • “The ultimate choice of technology to phase-out HCFCs will be based on ozone depletion and also climate impact, health, safety, affordability and availability, as Decision XIX/6 requires” May 2010 TEAP XXI/9 Task Force Report Assessment Of HCFCs and Environmentally Sound Alternatives • 2010 TEAP Progress Report • Substitutes for many sectors and sub-sectors available • Additional substitutes under development • Global acceptance for alternatives strengthening • Potential to skip higher-GWP HFC alternatives, go directly to lower GWP alternatives

  5. Sectors Will Transition at Different Times • Various factors will influence speed of transition • Domestic and regional requirements, e.g., European F-Gas rule • Availability of alternatives • Advanced design options that reduce charge size • Global expansion of air-conditioning and refrigeration • Proven technologies, ability to avoid multiple transitions • Opportunity to focus on sectors instead of chemicals • Examples follow

  6. Potential Near Term Transition: Motor Vehicle Air Conditioning Passenger Cars and Light Duty Trucks: Buses and Trains:

  7. Available Options: Commercial Refrigeration Stand-Alone Equipment Condensing Unit Systems Multiplex Rack Systems

  8. Changing Chemicals Is Not Only Option Advanced Refrigeration System Designs: • Distributed systems & indirect systems available • Distributed systems can lower refrigerant charge by 30–50% • Indirect systems can lower refrigerant charge by 50–80% • Europe: indirect systems are norm • US: distributed systems ~40% of new installations and indirect systems are gaining significant market share Supermarkets can reduce HFC use by changing system designs

  9. Available & Near Term Options: Unitary A/C Alternatives to R-407C & R-410A: - lower GWP HFCs, e.g., HFC-32 - HCs and CO2 - potentially HFOs, blends

  10. How U.S. Could Meet HFC Phasedown Known Reduction Opportunities

  11. Country “A” Baseline Makeup 20% Mobile AC (HFC) 5% Refrigeration (HFC) 20% Refrigeration (HCFC) 30% Stationary AC (HCFC) 20% Foam (HCFC) 5% Other Sectors (HCFC) Growth Rates: 10% 2010-2030 (majority of HCFC phased out) 1% 2030-2050 (population growth)

  12. How Country “A” Could Meet the HFC Phasedown

  13. Identifying Safer Alternatives USEPA evaluates & lists substitutes that reduce overall risk to human health & environment Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) program reviews: ODP and GWP Flammability Toxicity Contributions to smog Aquatic and ecosystem effects Occupational health and safety 400+ substitutes reviewed for end uses in 8 sectors: Alternatives acceptable, unacceptable, or acceptable with use conditions Prohibited or restricted e.g., from use in occupied settings, unacceptable where safer alternatives exist for same uses

  14. What’s Ahead for SNAP? • SNAP evaluating substitutes that, compared to current options, offer significantly lower- or no-GWP choices • Lower-GWP alternatives in SNAP review (examples): • Proposed acceptable with use conditions: • HCs for stand-alone commercial refrigeration • HCs for residential refrigerator/freezer • HFO-1234yf for new motor vehicle air conditioners • CO2 for new motor vehicle air conditioners

  15. Summary • Suite of known alternatives, technologies, and better handling can significantly reduce HFC consumption in near and long term • Considering HCFCs and HFCs together allows for focus on the sectors, rather than chemicals • In some cases, may reduce need for multiple transitions • Today there are substitutes for many sectors and sub-sectors available • Additional substitutes under development • Similar to ODS phaseout

  16. Questions and Comments • Thank You • For More Information, Visit: • U.S. EPA’s Website on Ozone Layer Depletion: • http://www.epa.gov/ozone/strathome.html • Information and analysis of Amendment Proposal including sector fact sheets: • http://www.epa.gov/ozone/intpol/mpagreement.html

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