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Module 06. The Skills. What’s Inside Reading skills in ESP Listening to monologue Listening and speaking skills in ESP Speaking monologue Writing skills in ESP. Reading skills in ESP - Text as a Linguistic Object (TALO) - Text as a Vehicle of Information (TAVI)
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Module 06 The Skills
What’s Inside • Reading skills in ESP • Listening to monologue • Listening and speaking skills in ESP • Speaking monologue • Writing skills in ESP
Reading skills in ESP - Text as a Linguistic Object (TALO) - Text as a Vehicle of Information (TAVI) (Johns and Davies, 1983)
The reading component of ESP requires a balance between skills and language development: • Selecting what is relevant for the current purpose • Using all the features of the text such as headings, layout, typeface • Skimming for content and meaning
Scanning for specifics • Identifying organisational patterns • Understanding relations within a sentence and between sentences • Using cohesive and discourse markers • Predicting, inferring and guessing
Identifying main ideas, supporting ideas and examples • Processing and evaluating the information during reading • Transferring or using the information while or after reading (Alderson, 1984)
Listening to monologue Features of monologue: • Phonology • Speed of delivery • Real time processing • Note-taking in real time • Deducing the speaker’s attitude • The teaching of listening comprehension
Listening and speaking skills in ESP Spoken Interaction in EAP and AOP: - Active listening - Questioning - One to one spoken interactions - Multi person spoken interactions
Speaking monologue Key features of oral presentations • Structuring • Voice work • Advance signalling or signposts
Writing skills in ESP Teaching writing: a) The product approach b) The process approach c) The social-constructionist approach d) A synthesis of approach
Module 07 The Skills
What’s Inside • Reading skills in ESP • Listening to monologue • Listening and speaking skills in ESP • Speaking monologue • Writing skills in ESP
Reading skills in ESP Designing and teaching reading courses • Selecting texts • Using the information that has been gathered • Extracting and recoding information
Listening to monologue Micro skills and language (Richards 1983): • Identify the purpose and scope of monologue • Identify the topic of lecture and follow topic development • Recognise the role of discourse maker
Recognize key lexical items related to subject/topic • Deduce meanings of words from context • Recognize function or intonation to signal information structure (ex. Pitch, volume, pace, key)
Listening and speaking skills in ESP Teaching listening and speaking skills: Speaking activities : provide a scenario for interaction whereas learners might find it helpful to consider first what the features of a successful interaction would be.
Listening Activities: (in EAP) note-taking and showing understanding by answering questions on the content Showing understanding is achieved through the use of paraphrasing, summarising and questioning. (listening): fill in the blanks, take notes and answer comprehension questions.
Speaking monologue mostly teaching of oral presentations in EAP occurs in English-medium situations with some examples.
Writing skills in ESP What is involved in writing: - planning - drafting - revising