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Objective : SWBAT describe the characteristics and importance of the hydrologic cycle. Due Now: Ocean Zones chart, Freshwater questions Do Now : Practice AP FRQ : Be prepared to grade your own! You don’t have to write the question.
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Objective: • SWBAT describe the characteristics and importance of the hydrologic cycle. Due Now:Ocean Zones chart, Freshwater questions Do Now: Practice AP FRQ: Be prepared to grade your own! You don’t have to write the question. List and describe four ways that humans impact freshwater ecosystems. 10/1/13 Agenda: • Chapter 8Quiz • Importance of Water • Practice FRQ Life’s Work: Read ch. 11 and study for quiz Friday
Score Your Own FRQ4 points total Describe FOUR ways that humans have affected freshwater ecosystems, not just list; 1 point for each described; score only the first four.
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“Water is the driver of nature.”- Leonardo da Vinci Without water, the other nutrient cycles would not exist in their present forms, and life on earth could not exist.
Why is Water Important? • Water keeps us alive, moderates climate, sculpts the land, removes and dilutes wastes and pollutants, and moves continually through the hydrologic cycle. • Only about 0.02% of the earth’s water supply is available to us as liquid freshwater.
How Do We Use Water? • 70% Irrigation: watering crops • 20% Industry: cooling down power plants • 10% Domestic and Municipal: drinking, sewage, bathwater, dishwater, & laundry
So Do We Use Water Responsibly? • We currently use more than half of the world’s reliable runoff of surface water and could be using 70-90% by 2025. • About 70% of the water we withdraw from rivers, lakes, and aquifers is not returned to these sources. • Why does this matter? There is only a limited amount of water available on Earth!
Unconfined Aquifer Recharge Area Evaporation and transpiration Evaporation Precipitation Confined Recharge Area Runoff Flowing artesian well Recharge Unconfined Aquifer Stream Well requiring a pump Water table Infiltration Lake Infiltration Unconfined aquifer Less permeable material such as clay Confined aquifer Confining impermeable rock layer Fig. 14-3, p. 308
Surface Water • Comes from precipitation • Examples: streams, rivers, and lakes • Watershed flow: small streams larger streams rivers sea • Tributary: river or stream flowing into a larger river or stream
Freshwater Streams and Rivers:From the Mountains to the Oceans • Water flowing from mountains to the sea creates different aquatic conditions and habitats. Figure 6-17
Headwater Stream • A narrow zone of cold, clear water that rushes over waterfalls and rapids. • Large amounts of oxygen are present. • Fish are also present. Ex. trout.
Downstream • Slower-moving water • Less oxygen • Warmer temperatures • Lots of algae and cyanobacteria.
Groundwater • Aquifers: porous rock with water flowing through • Water Table: the level of earth’s land crust to which the aquifer is filled • Renewability: the circulation rate of groundwater is slow (300 to 4,600 years). • Why is knowing renewability rates important?
Practice AP FRQ (16 minutes)2002 - #2 • On a separate sheet of paper, complete questions (a) and (b). • Be prepared to grade your own response. • Do not use your notes.