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Energy

Energy. Almost all of the energy on Earth comes from the sun Side note, fossil fuel usage = 400 years/year. http://web.uvic.ca/sciweb/photos-hydrothermal-vents.html. Vent ecosystems use H 2 S. Energy. Energy is captured from sunlight by photosynthesis

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Energy

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  1. Energy • Almost all of the energy on Earth comes from the sun • Side note, fossil fuel usage = 400 years/year http://web.uvic.ca/sciweb/photos-hydrothermal-vents.html Vent ecosystems use H2S

  2. Energy • Energy is captured from sunlight by photosynthesis • Stored in C-H bonds (high energy electrons) • We can use it through Respiration

  3. Energy • Energy is: the ability to do work • Work is: moving matter against an opposing force

  4. 2 forms of energy • Potential: Objects that could move • Rock on a hill, water behind a dam, concentration gradient • Kinetic: Objects that are moving • Rolling rock, light, heat (Brownian Motion)

  5. Laws of thermodynamics • Energy can never be created or destroyed, it can only change forms • 1st law • Every time energy changes forms, some is lost to heat • 2nd law

  6. Energy in the cell • Stored in the short term as ATP • Easy to store energy in ATP • Easy to release (to do work) • Recycled ~10,000x per day

  7. Photosynthesis • In a nutshell… • Captures and stores sun energy • This energy drives almost every ecosystem on Earth • Plants, some Protists, some Bacteria • 2 parts: • photo (capture energy) & synthesis (build sugars)

  8. Photosynthesis • Happens in chloroplasts (green) • Green comes from chlorophyll

  9. Photosynthesis • Captures light energy

  10. Chlorophyll

  11. Harvesting Light • H2O Splitting photosystem – O2 • Electron Transport Chain – ATP • NADPH producing photosystem – NADPH

  12. Building Sugars • Three steps: • Fixation – CO2 is captured and hooked onto an organic molecule • Sugar creation – that molecule is turned into G3P using the energy in ATP and NADPH • Regeneration – original organic molecule regenerated using G3P and ATP

  13. Other Photosynthesis • C4 and CAM photosynthesis • Adaptations for arid parts of the world • Changes how the plants gather CO2

  14. Readings for Wednesday • pp 143-153

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