Understanding Java GUI Layouts: Flow and Border Layout Managers Explained

1. TCU CoSc 10403 Programming with Java Visual Design (Chapter 5)

2. Containers & Layout Managers • Java provides two features that give us the ability to make a GUI look the way we want it to, regardless of the system in which the program is running. • Layout classes allow the programmer to specify how the hierarchy of Containers and their components will appear to the user. • The Container subclass permits the programmer to think of visual design as a hierarchical organization.

3. Arranging components • Every Container has a layout manager • You do not directly control where components are placed; the layout manager does this for you • The default layout for a PanelorJPanelis FlowLayout • The default layout for a JAppletis BorderLayout • You can set the layout manager explicitly; for example, • setLayout(newFlowLayout()); • setLayout(newBorderLayout()); or • FlowLayout lo = new FlowLayout(); setLayout(lo);

4. Containers • Container objects are used to group Components (widgets) together for display purposes. • There is no limit to the number of Components that a Container can hold. • A Container is itself a component - can be nested! Component Container Panel Window Applet JApplet

5. FlowLayout • Use: add(component); to add a component when using a FlowLayout • Components are added left-to-right • If no room, a new row is started • Exact layout depends on size of Applet/JApplet • Components are made as small as possible • FlowLayout is convenient but often provides little control over the placement of components within a container.

6. The FlowLayout Class Constructors: (1) FlowLayout() Creates a FlowLayout object with center alignment and horizontal and vertical gaps of five pixel each. This is the default Layout Manager for Applets, Panels, and JPanels (not for JApplets!!). (2) FlowLayout(int alignment) Constructs a FlowLayout object with the specified alignment and a default gap of five pixels in each direction. (3) FlowLayout(int alignment, int hGap, int vGap) Constructs a FlowLayout object with the specified alignment and gaps

7. FlowLayout Example FlowLayout Manager (centered, 5,5); import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; public class FlowLayoutDemo extends JApplet { JButton b1 = new JButton("Front"); JButton b2 = new JButton("Left"); JButton b3 = new JButton("Top"); JButton b4 = new JButton("Back"); JButton b5 = new JButton("Right"); JButton b6 = new JButton("Bottom"); public void init() { setLayout(new FlowLayout()); add(b1); add(b2); add(b3); add(b4); add(b5); add(b6); } } FlowLayout myLO = new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT,20,2); setLayout(myLO); FlowLayout myLO = new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT,20,5); setLayout(myLO);

8. The BorderLayout Class North • In a BorderLayout, the Container is divided into five regions: North, East, West, South, and Center. • At most five components can be added. • To add Component(s) to a Container that has a BorderLayout, we MUST use the version of the add() method that takes an additional String argument: void add(String location, Component c) • The location is specified using one of the five class constants: BorderLayout.WEST (“West”), BorderLayout.EAST (“East”), BorderLayout.SOUTH (“South”), BorderLayout.NORTH (“North”), and BorderLayout.CENTER (“Center”) East West Center South

9. The BorderLayout Class (continued) • Component(s) do not have to be added to each region – any missing ones will be treated as Component(s) of size 0. • Horizontal and vertical gaps between regions can be specified (the default is 0 unless specified). • When the Container is laid out, the North and SouthComponent(s) are given their full heights and any remaining vertical space is allotted to the East, Center, and West regions. In addition, these twoComponent(s) are given the full Container width. • In the horizontal direction, the East and West regions are given their full widths and any remaining width is given to the Center region. • BorderLayout will automatically resize the Component(s) (particularly in the Center) to fill the available space. • To prevent resizing during layout, Component(s) can be placed in Panel(s) or JPanel(s), and then the Panel(s)/JPanel(s) can be added to the Container.

10. The BorderLayout Class Constructors: (1) BorderLayout() Creates a BorderLayout object with center alignment and horizontal and vertical gaps of zero pixels each. (2) BorderLayout(int hGap, int vGap) Constructs a BorderLayout object with center alignment and the specified alignment and gaps

11. BorderLayout Example import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; public class BorderLayoutDemo extends JApplet { BorderLayout myLO = new BorderLayout(); JButton b1 = new JButton("North"); JButton b2 = new JButton("South"); JButton b3 = new JButton("East"); JButton b4 = new JButton("West"); JButton b5 = new JButton("Center"); public void init() { setLayout(myLO); add(BorderLayout.NORTH,b1); add("South",b2); add(BorderLayout.EAST,b3); add("West",b4); add(BorderLayout.CENTER,b5); } }

12. BorderLayout Example import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; public class BorderLayoutDemo2 extends JApplet { JButton b1 = new JButton("North"); JButton b2 = new JButton("South"); JButton b3 = new JButton("East"); JButton b4 = new JButton("West is the longest button"); JButton b5 = new JButton("Center"); public void init() { setLayout(new BorderLayout()); add("North",b1); add("South",b2); add("East",b3); add("West",b4); add("Center",b5); } }

13. BorderLayout Example import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; public class BorderLayoutDemo2 extends JApplet { JButton b1 = new JButton("North"); JButton b2 = new JButton("South"); JButton b4 = new JButton("West is the longest button"); JButton b5 = new JButton("Center"); public void init() { setLayout(new BorderLayout()); add("North",b1); add("South",b2); add("West",b4); add("Center",b5); } } Empty “East” region Empty “East” & “Center” regions

14. BorderLayout Example import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; public class BorderLayoutDemo2 extends JApplet { JButton b1 = new JButton("North"); JButton b2 = new JButton("South"); JButton b3 = new JButton("East"); JButton b4 = new JButton("West is the longest button"); JButton b5 = new JButton("Center"); public void init() { setLayout(new BorderLayout()); add("North",b1); add("South",b2); add("East",b3); add("West",b4); //add("Center",b5); } } Notice the “hole”?

15. BorderLayout Example BorderLayout is the default. import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; public class BorderLayoutDemo1 extends JApplet { JButton b1 = new JButton("North"); JButton b2 = new JButton("South"); JButton b3 = new JButton("East"); JButton b4 = new JButton("West"); JButton b5 = new JButton("Center"); public void init() { //note: BorderLayout is the default - even //if not specified //setLayout(new FlowLayout()); add(BorderLayout.NORTH,b1); add("South",b2); add(BorderLayout.EAST,b3); add("West",b4); add(BorderLayout.CENTER,b5); } } What you will get if you mistakenly write: setLayout(new FlowLayout());

16. The GridLayout Class • In a GridLayout, the Container is divided into equal sized regions (cells) similar to the squares on “graph paper”. • In this layout scheme, both the number of rows and number of columns are specified. • When adding Component(s) to a GridLayout, they are placed in the layout in a left to right, top down order. • Cells are of equal size and are completely filled across before filling of a new row begins. • Obviously, the last row may not be completely filled. • If more items are added to the Container than there are cells, the layout will allocate enough columns to fit all the Component(s). • GridLayout will resize the Component(s) so that its cells are filled. • The layout allows the user to specify both horizontal and vertical spacing (with a default size of 0).

17. The GridLayout Class Constructors: • GridLayout() Creates a new GridLayout with one row, and unlimited number of columns, and no horizontal and vertical gaps between cells. • GridLayout(int rows, int cols) Creates a new GridLayout with the number of rows and columns as specified. • GridLayout(int rows, int cols, int hgap, int vgap) Creates a new GridLayout with number of rows, columns, horizontal, and vertical gaps as specified.

18. GridLayout Example import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; public class GridLayoutDemo extends JApplet { JButton b1 = new JButton("One"); JButton b2 = new JButton("Two"); JButton b3 = new JButton("Three"); JButton b4 = new JButton("Four"); JButton b5 = new JButton("Five"); public void init() { setLayout(new GridLayout(2,3,5,10)); add(b1); add(b2); add(b3); add(b4); add(b5); } } setLayout(new GridLayout(5,1)); setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1)); setLayout(new GridLayout(4,1)); Java computes the number of columns needed without regard to the values provided in the constructor. setLayout(new GridLayout(1,3)); Additional columns automatically allocated to fit all the components.

19. Container Example Crate of Jolly Ranchers (lifesavers - assorted) Watermelon rolls (box) Green Apple rolls (box) . . . . . . Variety pack rolls(box) Roll #20 Roll #1 . . . . . . Peach rolls (box) . . . Roll #1 . . . Roll #20 . . . . . . Roll #1 Roll #20 . . . Watermelon piece1 Roll #20 . . . Roll #1 . . . Rootbeer pieces Lemon pieces Peach piece 1 Tangerine pieces Raspberry pieces

20. Controlling Layouts • Component(s) placement on a form are controlled by a layout manager that decides how the Component(s) lie largely based on the order that they are add(ed) to the form. • The size, shape, and placement of components will differ from one layout manager to another. • Layout managers adapt to the dimensions of your Applet/JApplet or application window, so if that window dimension is changed the size, shape, and placement of the components could change. • We use Containers to group components into manageable units that help with their presentation on the screen. • An Applet/JApplet is one such container and several others (each with its own specific purpose) are defined in the Java API. • Container(s) are subdivided into those that must be attached to another graphical surface (e.g., Panel/JPanel and Applet/JApplet) and those that can be moved independently (Window and its children: Frame and Dialog).

21. Keeping Track of Things •A container knows –what components are in it (could be other containers) –It’s own (local) coordinate system •A component knows –It’s parent (the container it is in) • There is no limit to the number of Components a Container can hold. • Each Container has its own Layout Manager (of which there are 6 provided in Java (Flow, Border, Grid, GridBag, Card, and Box – we will only use the first 3!!). • If a container's default layout manager doesn't suit your needs, you can easily replace it with another one.

22. Adding Components to a Container • void add(Component c) –Add to the end of a list of components in this container • void add(Component c, int position) –Add component at specified position (starting at 0; must be between 0 and current # of components; -1 to add at end) • void add(String name, Component C) –Useful with some Layout managers (Border and Card) • Warning!!! –If you add a component that has already been placed in another container, it will be removed from original container

23. The Containment Hierarchy • The containment hierarchy is not determined by the order in which you add Component(s) to a Container, but rather by which ones you add to which. • There is no limit to the number of Component(s) a Container may hold. • Since the Container class is a subclass of Component, a Container object has access to all the Component methods through inheritance (we’ve used some of these already : setSize(), setForeground(), setBackground(etc.). • Since a Container is itself a Component, we can put Containers within other Containers. • By so doing, each Container can have its own LayoutManager that determines how its Component(s) will be arranged within the Container when it is displayed. Note: each Container has its own local coordinate system, measured from the anchor point of its bounding rectangle. • The Container class is a large class having around 40 methods.

24. The JPanel Class • The Container of choice for arranging Component(s). • JPanel is a class of Container that is itself contained within a Container. • JPanel is a Container that does not create a separate window of its own. • It is suitable for holding other Components such as JButton(s), JComboBox(s), JLabel(s), etc. • Once a top-level window is defined (implicit in the case of a JApplet), the JPanel class can be used to divide up the larger area into manageable sections. Each can have its own Layout Manager.

25. The JPanel Class Constructors: (1) JPanel() Builds a JPanel object with default layout manager (FlowLayout). (2) JPanel(LayoutManager layout) Builds a JPanel object with the indicated layout manager. Methods: A JPanel has no additional methods of interest to us, beyond those it inherits from Container, Component, and Object. • void setLayout(LayoutManager layout) Allows the user to change the LayoutManager of this Container. • void doLayout() Instructs this Container’s LayoutManager to lay out the Component(s). Used to force layout to take place, rather than waiting for it to be done automatically for you. • LayoutManager getLayout() Returns the current LayourManager for this Container. • Dimension getMinimumSize() • Dimension getPreferredSize() Asks the LayoutManager to compute the minimum or perferred sizes, necessary to hold all of this Container’s Component(s).

26. import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; public class FlowLayoutPanelDemo extends JApplet { JButton b1 = new JButton("One"); JButton b2 = new JButton("Two"); JButton b3 = new JButton("Three"); JButton b4 = new JButton("Four"); JButton b5 = new JButton("Five"); JButton b6 = new JButton("Six"); JPanel p = new JPanel(); //defaults to FlowLayout public void init() { setLayout(new FlowLayout()); add(b1); add(b2); add(b3); add(p); p.add(b4); p.add(b5); p.add(b6); } } FlowLayout Panel Demo

27. Buttons, BorderLayout, & Panels import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; public class BorderLayoutPanelDemo extends JApplet { BorderLayout myLO = new BorderLayout(); JPanel p1 = new JPanel(); JButton b1 = new JButton("North"); JButton b2 = new JButton("South"); JButton b3 = new JButton("East"); JButton b4 = new JButton("West"); JButton b5 = new JButton("Center"); public void init() { this.setLayout(myLO); add("North",b1); add("South",b2); add("East",b3); add("West",b4); add("Center",p1); p1.add(b5); } }

28. import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; public class BorderLayoutPanelDemo1 extends JApplet { JButton b1 = new JButton("One"); JButton b2 = new JButton("Two"); JButton b3 = new JButton("Three"); JButton b4 = new JButton("Four"); JButton b5 = new JButton("Five"); JButton b6 = new JButton("Six"); JButton b7 = new JButton("Seven"); JButton b8 = new JButton("Eight"); JButton b9 = new JButton("Nine"); JPanel p = new JPanel(new BorderLayout()); public void init() { setLayout(new FlowLayout()); add(b1); add(b2); add(b3); add(b4); add(p); p.add("North",b5); p.add("West",b6); p.add("Center",b7); p.add("East",b8); p.add("South",b9); } } BorderLayout Panel Demo

29. GridLayout & Panels import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; public class ButtonTest extends JApplet { JButton b0 = new JButton ("0"); JButton b1 = new JButton ("1"); JButton b2 = new JButton ("2"); JButton b3 = new JButton ("3"); public void init() {setLayout(new GridLayout(2,2)); add(b0); add(b1); add(b2); add(b3); } } import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; public class ButtonTest extends JApplet { JButton b0 = new JButton ("0"); JButton b1 = new JButton ("1"); JButton b2 = new JButton ("2"); JButton b3 = new JButton ("3"); JPanel p = new JPanel(); public void init() { p.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,2)); p.add(b0); p.add(b1); p.add(b2); p.add(b3); add(p); } }

30. import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; public class GridLayoutPanelDemo extends JApplet { JButton b1 = new JButton("One"); JButton b2 = new JButton("Two"); JButton b3 = new JButton("Three"); JButton b4 = new JButton("Four"); JButton b5 = new JButton("Five"); JButton b6 = new JButton("Six"); JButton b7 = new JButton("Seven"); JButton b8 = new JButton("Eight"); JButton b9 = new JButton("Nine"); JPanel p = new JPanel(new GridLayout(3,2)); public void init() { setLayout(new FlowLayout()); add(b1); add(b2); add(b3); add(b4); add(p); p.add("North",b5); p.add("West",b6); p.add("Center",b7); p.add("East",b8); p.add("South",b9); } } GridLayout Panel Demo

31. import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; public class PanelDemo extends JApplet { JButton b1 = new JButton("One"), b2 = new JButton("Two"), b3 = new JButton("Three”), b4 = new JButton("Four”); JButton b5 = new JButton("Five"), b6 = new JButton("Six”), b7 = new JButton("Seven"); JTextArea ta1 = new JTextArea(5,15), ta2 = new JTextArea(5,15), ta3 = new JTextArea(5,15); JTextField tf1 = new JTextField(15), tf2 = new JTextField(15); JComboBox c1 = new JComboBox(); JPanel p1 = new JPanel(), p2 = new JPanel (new BorderLayout()), p3 = new JPanel (new GridLayout(2,1)); JPanel p4 = new JPanel (new BorderLayout()), p5 = new JPanel(), p6 = new JPanel(), p7 = new JPanel(); public void init() { setLayout(new FlowLayout()); add(b1); add(p1); p1.add(b2); add(p2); p2.add("North",b3); p2.add("West",c1); p2.add("East",ta3); p2.add("South",tf1); add(p3); p3.add(b4); p3.add(ta1); add(p4); p4.add("North",p5); p5.add(b5);; p4.add("Center",p6); p6.add(ta2); p4.add("South",p7); p7.add(tf2); } }

32. Example import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; public class AddPanelDemo extends JApplet { JPanel pa = new JPanel();//defaults to FlowLayout JButton b = new JButton ("Help"); JTextField tf = new JTextField("Enter name here",20); JTextArea ta = new JTextArea("HELLO",5,20); public void init() { add(pa); pa.add(b); pa.add(tf); pa.add(ta); } } import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; public class AddPanelDemo extends JApplet { JPanel pa = new JPanel(); //defaults to FlowLayout JButton b = new JButton ("Help"); JTextField tf = new JTextField("Enter name here",20); JTextArea ta = new JTextArea("HELLO",5,20); public void init() { add(pa); pa.add(b); pa.add(tf); pa.add(ta,0); } }

33. import java.awt.*; import java.applet.Applet; public class TrivialApplet extends Applet { // These declarations could be done in any order. Panel panelA = new Panel(); Panel panelB = new Panel(); Panel panelA1 = new Panel(); Panel panelA2 = new Panel(); Button button1 = new Button("button1"); Button button2 = new Button("button2"); List list1 = new List(); List list2 = new List(); TextField textfield = new TextField("textfield"); Choice choice = new Choice(); public void init() { // Now we build the containment hierarcy, from the // botton up. panelA1.add(button1); panelA1.add(list1); // done with panelA1 panelA2.add(button2); panelA2.add(list2); // done with panelA2 panelA.add(panelA1); panelA.add(panelA2); // done with panelA panelB.add(textfield); panelB.add(choice); // done with panelB add(panelA); // add panelA to the applet add(panelB); // add panelB to the applet -- finished! } } list1 button1 textfield panelA1 choice list2 button2 panelA2 panelA panelB applet Will this code do it? Text Figure 4.2 What we want to achieve:

34. Result

35. import java.awt.*; import java.applet.Applet; public class TrivialApplet extends Applet { // These declarations could be done in any order. Panel panelA = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,1)); Panel panelB = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,1)); Panel panelA1 = new Panel(); Panel panelA2 = new Panel(); Button button1 = new Button("button1"); Button button2 = new Button("button2"); List list1 = new List(); List list2 = new List(); TextField textfield = new TextField("textfield"); Choice choice = new Choice(); public void init() { panelA1.add(button1); panelA1.add(list1); // done with panelA1 panelA2.add(button2); panelA2.add(list2); // done with panelA2 panelA.add(panelA1); panelA.add(panelA2); // done with panelA panelB.add(textfield); panelB.add(choice); // done with panelB add(panelA); // add panelA to the applet add(panelB); // add panelB to the applet -- finished! } } Text Figure 4.2 What we get: Stretched -

36. import java.awt.*; import java.applet.Applet; public class TrivialApplet extends Applet { // These declarations could be done in any order. Panel panelA = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,1)); Panel panelB = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,1)); Panel panelA1 = new Panel(); Panel panelA2 = new Panel(); Button button1 = new Button("button1"); Button button2 = new Button("button2"); List list1 = new List(); List list2 = new List(); TextField textfield = new TextField("textfield"); Choice choice = new Choice(); public void init() { setLayout(new GridLayout(1,2)); panelA1.add(button1); panelA1.add(list1); // done with panelA1 panelA2.add(button2); panelA2.add(list2); // done with panelA2 panelA.add(panelA1); panelA.add(panelA2); // done with panelA panelB.add(textfield); panelB.add(choice); // done with panelB add(panelA); // add panelA to the applet add(panelB); // add panelB to the applet -- finished! } } Text Figure 4.2 What we get:

37. import java.awt.*; import java.applet.Applet; public class TrivialApplet extends Applet { // These declarations could be done in any order. Panel panelA = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,1)); Panel panelB = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,1)); Panel panelA1 = new Panel(); Panel panelA2 = new Panel(); Button button1 = new Button("button1"); Button button2 = new Button("button2"); List list1 = new List(); List list2 = new List(); TextField textfield = new TextField("textfield"); Choice choice = new Choice(); public void init() { setLayout(new BorderLayout()); panelA1.add(button1); panelA1.add(list1); // done with panelA1 panelA2.add(button2); panelA2.add(list2); // done with panelA2 panelA.add(panelA1); panelA.add(panelA2); // done with panelA panelB.add(textfield); panelB.add(choice); // done with panelB add(“West”,panelA); // add panelA to the applet add(“East”,panelB); // add panelB to the applet -- finished! } } Text Figure 4.2 What we get:

38. import java.awt.*; import java.applet.Applet; public class TrivialApplet extends Applet { // These declarations could be done in any order. Panel panelA = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,1)); Panel panelB = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,1,5,5)); Panel panelA1 = new Panel(); Panel panelA2 = new Panel(); Panel mainPanel = new Panel(new FlowLayout()); Button button1 = new Button("button1"); Button button2 = new Button("button2"); List list1 = new List(); List list2 = new List(); TextField textfield = new TextField("textfield"); Choice choice = new Choice(); public void init() { panelA1.add(button1); panelA1.add(list1); // done with panelA1 panelA2.add(button2); panelA2.add(list2); // done with panelA2 panelA.add(panelA1); panelA.add(panelA2); // done with panelA panelB.add(textfield); panelB.add(choice); // done with panelB mainPanel.add(panelA); // add panelA to the applet mainPanel.add(panelB); // add panelB to the applet -- finished! add(mainPanel); } } What we get:

39. Some Container Methods import java.awt.*; import java.applet.Applet; public class Demo extends Applet { Panel pa = new Panel(); Button b = new Button ("Help"); TextField tf = new TextField("Enter name here",25); TextArea ta = new TextArea("HELLO",5,20); public void init() { pa.add(b); pa.add(tf); pa.add(ta,0); add(pa); pa.remove(b); // remove a component } } import java.awt.*; import java.applet.Applet; public class Demo extends Applet { Panel pa = new Panel(); Button b = new Button ("Help"); TextField tf = new TextField("Enter name here",25); TextArea ta = new TextArea("HELLO",5,20); public void init() { pa.add(b); pa.add(tf); pa.add(ta,0); add(pa); int cnt = pa.countComponents(); System.out.println(“Num of components is “ + cnt); } }

41. Absolute Positioning of GUI Objects import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; public class NullLayoutDemo extends JApplet { JLabel greeting = new JLabel("Hello -- welcome to my java applet"); JLabel prompt = new JLabel ("Please enter your name:"); JTextField inputLine = new JTextField(20); JButton continueButton = new JButton( "Continue"); int xPos = 0, yPos = 0; public void init() { //setLayout(null); // add the components and set their location add(greeting); greeting.setLocation(0,0); add(prompt); prompt.setLocation(10,50); add(inputLine); inputLine.setLocation(10,100); add(continueButton); continueButton.setLocation(15,150); } } setLocation is ignored since the default is BorderLayout.CENTER The result when the setLayout(null) command is uncommented.

42. Absolute Positioning of GUI Objects (continued) import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; public class NullLayoutDemo extends JApplet { JLabel greeting = new JLabel("Hello -- welcome to my java applet"); JLabel prompt = new JLabel ("Please enter your name:"); JTextField inputLine = new JTextField(20); JButton continueButton = new JButton( "Continue"); int xPos = 0, yPos = 0; public void init() { setLayout(null); // add the components and set their location // add the components and set their location add(greeting); greeting.setBounds(5,5,40,10); add(prompt); prompt.setBounds(10,30,20,10); add(inputLine); inputLine.setBounds(10,100,25,30); add(continueButton); continueButton.setBounds(15,150,20,5); } }

43. Absolute Positioning of GUI Objects (continued) import java.awt.*; import java.applet.Applet; public class NullLayoutDemo extends Applet { Label greeting = new Label("Hello -- welcome to my java applet"); Label prompt = new Label ("Please enter your name:"); TextField inputLine = new TextField(20); Button continueButton = new Button( "Continue"); int xPos = 5, yPos = 5; int w = 100, h = 20; public void init() { setLayout(null); // add the components and set their location add(greeting); greeting.setBounds(xPos,yPos,2*w,2*h); add(prompt); prompt.setBounds(6*xPos,yPos+3*h,2*w,yPos+h); add(inputLine); inputLine.setBounds(xPos,yPos+5*h,2*w,yPos+h); add(continueButton); continueButton.setBounds(8*xPos,7*h,w,yPos+h); } }

44. Absolute Positioning of GUI Objects (continued) import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; public class NullLayoutDemo extends JApplet { JLabel greeting = new JLabel("Hello -- welcome to my java applet"); JLabel prompt = new JLabel ("Please enter your name:"); JTextField inputLine = new JTextField(20); JButton continueButton = new JButton( "Continue"); int xPos = 5, yPos = 5, width = 100, height = 20; public void init() { setLayout(null); // add the components add(greeting); add(prompt); add(inputLine); add(continueButton);; // set both the components size and location greeting.setSize(300,20); greeting.setLocation(5,5); prompt.setSize(150,20); prompt.setLocation(25,25); inputLine.setSize(150,20); inputLine.setLocation(12,60); continueButton.setSize(90,20); continueButton.setLocation(60,100); } }