EU GHG Monitoring Mechanism Lars Müller European Commission DG ENV.C.2, Brussels André Jol European Environment Agency

1. EU GHG Monitoring MechanismLars Müller European CommissionDG ENV.C.2, BrusselsAndré JolEuropean Environment AgencyCopenhagen

2. Questions to be answered: • What is our legal basis? • What are we doing? Who does it? And what happens by when?Institutional arrangements and working procedure • What are the products? • Where do we stand today? Where do we expect to go? Actual and projected progress • European Climate Change Programme

3. Legal basis • UNFCCC (in future KP) • Guidelines on National Communications and annual inventories (FCCC/CP/1999/7, decision 3/CP.5) and IPCC Good Practice Guidance • Marrakech Accords and revised guidelines for inventories, from April 2004 (FCCC/CP/2002/8, decision 18/CP.8) • EU • Council Decision on GHG Monitoring (Decision 389/93/EEC as amended by decision 296/99/EC) • (internal) guidelines

4. Sharing the EC target of –8%

5. Summary of current Monitoring Mechanism • Monitoring the emissions of the six Kyoto greenhouse gases and removals by sinks, • Annual GHG inventory reporting by MS to the European Commission • EC inventory is the Sum of 15 Member States • Member States report their respective data to UNFCCC • Implementation and annual reporting of national programmes (including policies and measures) and emission projections to the Commission and • Evaluation of progress and reporting to the European Parliament and Council by the Commission

6. EC GHG inventory institutional arrangements • Member states prepare inventory according to UNFCCC Guidelines and participate in EC Monitoring mechanism committee, assisted by three working groups • Working group I promotes improvement of all GHG inventory quality aspects (transparency, consistency, comparability, completeness, accuracy and use of good practices) • Working group II promotes improvement of quality of reporting on GHG emission projections (transparency, consistency, comparability, completeness) • Working Group III promotes implementation of EC emissions trading scheme • European Commission (DG ENV) responsible for submission to UNFCCC, assisted by EEA (and European Topic Centre Air and Climate Change, ETC/ACC) and Eurostat and JRC • EC “National Inventory Report” follows UNFCCC Guidelines

7. UNFCCC Austria UK Sweden CRF and NIR Belgium Finland Germany European Commission (ENV, ESTAT, JRC) and EEA Luxembourg Italy Greece Denmark France Annual progress report Ireland Netherlands Spain Parliament Council Portugal Data flow EC GHG Monitoring EU

8. UNFCCC Austria UK Sweden CRF and NIR Belgium Finland Germany European Commission (ENV, ESTAT, JRC) and EEA Luxembourg Italy Greece Denmark France Annual progress report Ireland Netherlands Spain Parliament Council Portugal Data flow EC GHG Monitoring EU

9. Preparation EC inventory

10. Annual process of submission and review of MS inventories and compilation of the EC inventory

11. Annual procedure for the EU Progress Assessment

12. EC GHG inventory improvement • Eurostat improvement project for national energy balances and annual estimation of EC CO2 emissions (IPCC Reference Approach) • JRC compares national estimates for carbon sinks (focus on forests) and coordinates a project for improving GHG emissions from agriculture (focus on N2O from soils) • QA/QC of EC inventory depends on QA/QC systems for national GHG inventories • Data gap filling to achieve complete EC inventory is limited to few countries • Minor differences between EC and Member States’ inventories, which are further being reduced through the UNFCCC review process (centralised review of EC inventory, Sep. 2002)

13. New Monitoring decision (Proposal COM(2003) 51 final) • CO-decision Procedure • Basic requirements in decision - further technical details in “implementing provisions” to be adopted • Establishment of EC greenhouse gas inventory system (KP Art. 5.1) • Internal procedures for the review process and adjustments (KP Art. 5.2 and Art. 8) • Reporting on accounting of assigned amounts and national registries (KP Art. 7.1, 7.2 and 7.4) • Supplementary information to be incorporated in the periodic communications to the UNFCCC • Policies and measures and Projections • details yet to be decided (ongoing procedure in Council and Parliament)

14. EU greenhouse gas emissions in relation to the Kyoto target (excl. LUCF)

15. Greenhouse gas emission trends and Kyoto Protocol targets for 2008-2012

16. Greenhouse gas emission targets and changes from base year to 2001

17. MS Example: Germany, GHG and CO2 emissions in relation to the Kyoto target (excl. LUCF)

18. MS Example: UK, GHG and CO2 emissions in relation to the Kyoto target (excl. LUCF)

19. MS Example: Spain, GHG and CO2 emissions in relation to the Kyoto target (excl. LUCF)

20. EC key sources covering 90% of emissions

21. EC CO2 emissions from energy industries compared with electricity consumption

22. EC CO2 emissions from transport, compared with road freight transport development

23. EC CO2 emissions from transport, compared with road passenger transport development

24. EC Member States CO2 emissions from transport

25. EC CO2 emissions from manufacturing industries compared with gross value added

26. EC CH4 emissions from waste compared with waste disposal on land

27. EC GHG projections for 2010, information basis • Information provided to the European Commission until mid 2002 and reported in December 2002 (Commission Communication) • Third national communication for Au, Be, Fi, Fr, Nl, Sp, Sw, UK • Additional information under the EU GHG Monitoring mechanism for Be, Dk, Fi, Fr, Ge, Gr, Ir, It, Nl, Pt, Sw, UK • All projections for 2010 are excluding carbon sinks and only include domestic policies and measures (no inclusion of Kyoto mechanisms) • Updated information being incorporated in Commission communication due end of 2003

28. 110 100 (Base year = 100) With measures Actual emissions GHG emissions Target – 8% 90 With additional With additional measures measures 80 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 EC GHG emission projection 2010 (based on national projections) 110 110 100 100 (Base year = 100) (Base year = 100) With measures With measures Actual emissions GHG emissions GHG emissions Target – 8% 90 90 With additional measures 80 80 1990 1990 1995 1995 2000 2000 2005 2005 2010 2010

29. Greenhouse gas emission projections and Kyoto Protocol targets for 2008-2012

30. MS Example: UK, GHG emission projection 2010

31. MS Example: Portugal, GHG emission projection 2010

32. EU policies and measures • National programmes • Reported to UNFCCC and European Commission • National responsibility • EU common and coordinated policies and measures • Central part of EU climate strategy to complement national programmes • Often EU Directive or other legal instrument, to be implemented by Member States • European Climate Change Programme is key

33. ECCP: main elements • Objectives • Identify and develop main elements of EC strategy to meet its -8% Kyoto objectivecost effectively • Prepare the Commission to develop legislative and other proposals • Major Milestones • launch March 2000 • June 2001 : first progress report • October 2001 : Commission Communication on ECCP Action Plan • May 2003 : second progress report

34. EU policies and measures • National programmes • Reported to UNFCCC and European Commission • National responsibility • EU common and coordinated policies and measures • Central part of EU climate strategy to complement national programmes • Often EU Directive or other legal instrument, to be implemented by Member States • European Climate Change Programme is key

35. ECCP: scope and organisation • ECCP Principles • integration • transparency • stakeholder consultation • group expertise • build consensus Working groups - Emissions trading - flexible mechanisms - Energy supply - Energy demand - end-use equipment - Transport - Industry - fluorinated gasses - Research - Agriculture - Sinks ag. soils - Forestry sinks WG Reports/ P&M analysed conclusions ECCP steering committee • ECCP Approach • reduction potential • cost-effective • cross-sectoral • time frame • ancillary effects Commission action plan

36. Reduction potential of GHG under cost-effectiveness aspects for sectors in EU until 2010 (including full implementation of the ACEA Agreement)

37. ECCP : main results • Total reduction potential of 40 identified measures : 578 -696 Mt CO2eq. = twice Kyoto ‘-8%’ • EU Measures currently “in implementation”potential of 276 -316 Mt CO2eq. … but need for monitoring of effectiveness and review • measures in 2003 Commission work program : proposals on Energy Efficiency of Products, energy services, HFCs & Mobile Air condition, link ET - flexible mechanisms • preparations for new measures or on-going...

38. Measures included in Commission 2002-2004 Work Programme • EU wide emissions trading • Link JI/CDM to ET • containment / monitoring of fluorinated gases (incl. MAC) • revision of Monitoring Decision (implement Marrakech) • renewable energy sources (Electricity / Biofuels) • energy-efficiency standards for equipment • energy demand-side management • combined heat and power generation • modal shift in transport • Transport infrastructure use & charging • Energy performance buildings • Review voluntary agreement car industr. • Energy taxation

39. ECCP : outlook and future challenges • Update and strengthening of Commission ECCP action plan • transport emissions rising concern • renewables : accelerated progress is required • integration CC in CAP , structural funds

40. For further information you may look at:www.europa.eu.int/comm/environment/climate/home_en.htmandthemes.eea.eu.int/Environmental_issues/climateTHANK YOU !