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5.2: Cellular Respiration (Aerobic Respiration)

5.2: Cellular Respiration (Aerobic Respiration). Plants — make food (sugar) through photosynthesis Animals and other organisms — get food by eating plants and animals. Energy Review. Cellular respiration — glucose and food are broken down to make energy (ATP) in ALL organisms

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5.2: Cellular Respiration (Aerobic Respiration)

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  1. 5.2: Cellular Respiration(Aerobic Respiration)

  2. Plants—make food (sugar) through photosynthesis • Animals and other organisms—get food by eating plants and animals Energy Review

  3. Cellular respiration— glucose and food are broken down to make energy (ATP) in ALL organisms • Occurs in the mitochondria of eukaryotes • Occurs in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes Cellular Respiration

  4. C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O + energy Products Reactants Cellular Respiration Equation

  5. Aerobic Respiration: breaking down of glucose molecules into smaller pieces in the presence of oxygen to produce ATP Cellular Respiration

  6. THREE STEPS OF AEROBIC RESPIRATION 1. Glycolysis 2. Kreb’s/Citric Acid Cycle 3. Electron Transport Chain (ETC) Cellular Respiration

  7. 1. Glycolysis: occurs in cytoplasm; glucose is split in half, forming a pyruvate molecule • 2 ATP released • Electrons released and carried to mitochondria by NADH Cellular Respiration

  8. Cellular Respiration

  9. Where does glycolysis take place? • What molecule is used in glycolysis? • What are the products of glycolysis? • What ultimately happens to each of these products? • Write an equation that represents glycolysis Glycolysis quiz

  10. 2. Kreb’s/Citric Acid Cycle: occurs in the mitochondria; pyruvate is split into smaller pieces • CO2 gas released (we breathe it out) • 2 ATP released • Electrons released and move to mitochondrial membrane by NADH and FADH2 Cellular Respiration

  11. FAD+ NAD+ FADH NADH FAD+ NAD+ Cellular Respiration

  12. Where does the CAC occur? • What molecule is used in the CAC? • What are the products of the CAC? • What happens to each of these products? • Write an equation that represents the CAC Krebs/Citric Acid Cycle Quiz

  13. Electron Transport Chain (ETC): made of proteins; occurs in the mitochondria • NADH & FADH2 drop off electrons at proteins • Electrons lose energy as get passed from protein to protein • Energy used to make ATP (ATP Synthase) • 32 ATP made • Electrons finally passed to OXYGEN to make WATER Cellular Respiration

  14. TOTAL ENERGY: 36 ATP from 1 glucose Cellular Respiration

  15. What is the ETC? • What molecules bring the electrons to the ETC? • What happens as the electrons get passed from protein to protein down the ETC? • What happens to the extra energy? • What happens to the electrons at the end of the ETC? ETC quiz CR Animation

  16. Glucose ATP Glycolysis Pyruvate CO2 NADH Krebs Cycle (CAC) NADH FADH2 ATP ETC H2O O2 ATP

  17. Cellular Respiration(Anaerobic Respiration)

  18. Anaerobic Respiration: breaking down glucose molecules into smaller pieces the ABSENCE of oxygen to produce ATP Cellular Respiration

  19. TWO STEPS OF ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION 1. Glycolysis: occurs in cytoplasm; glucose is split in half, forming a pyruvate molecule • 2 ATP released • Electrons released and carried to mitochondria Cellular Respiration

  20. TWO STEPS OF ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION • 2. Fermentation: breaking down pyruvate without oxygen Cellular Respiration

  21. Lactic acid fermentation: pyruvate is broken down into lactic acid + ATP • 2 ATP released • Lactic acid builds up as in muscle cells & causes burning sensation (muscle cramping) during strenuous exercises C-C-C + NADH  H-C-C-C + ATP + NAD+ pyruvate e’ carrier  lactic acid energy carrier Cellular Respiration

  22. Alcoholic fermentation: pyruvate is broken down into alcohol, carbon dioxide, and ATP in yeast and bacterial cells • 2 ATP released • Used in making bread and alcohol beer C-C-C + NADH  C-C-OH + CO2 + ATP Pyruvate + e’ carrier alcohol + carbon + energy dioxide Cellular Respiration

  23. Cellular Respiration Digestion Glycolysis Eat Oxygen is present No oxygen is present Aerobic respiration Fermentation (anaerobic respiration) Citric acid cycle In yeast In animals Electron transport chain Alcoholic fermentation Lactic acid fermentation

  24. Cellular Respiration _______ ________ ____________ ____________________ ____________________ __________________ __________ _____________________ __________________ _______ ________ ________________________ ____________________ ____________________

  25. Photosynthesis vs. Respiration food synthesized food broken down requires energy produces energy Chloroplast mitochondria/cytoplasm Only autotrophs Autotrophs and heterotrophs (all living cells)

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