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ISO, Aperture and Shutter

ISO, Aperture and Shutter. Journalism 2150A. When you take a picture…. What are you really capturing?. You are capturing light!. Therefore, you’ll want to control how much light is perceived by the camera There are three main settings that do this, often called the “exposure triangle”: ISO

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ISO, Aperture and Shutter

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  1. ISO, Aperture and Shutter Journalism 2150A

  2. When you take a picture… What are you really capturing?

  3. You are capturing light! • Therefore, you’ll want to control how much light is perceived by the camera • There are three main settings that do this, often called the “exposure triangle”: • ISO • Shutter speed • Aperature

  4. ISO • Stands for International Organization for Standardization • Affects how receptive the camera’s sensors are to light

  5. Have you seen this?

  6. ISO • Used to mean how receptive your film was to light • It now refers to how receptive your camera’s sensors are to light • ISO is usually measured in hundreds (100, 200, 400, 800, and 1600 are common).

  7. ISO • The higher the number, the more receptive your camera is to light • Use a high ISO when in low-light scenarios • Use a high ISO when trying to capture motion • Use a low ISO when there is plenty of light (especially natural light) • Use a low ISO if your subject is at rest

  8. ISO • So why wouldn’t you just shoot at a high ISO all the time?

  9. ISO • A normal ISO range is 100 (a bright, sunny day with little movement) to 1600 (low light or fast movement) • Do not go over 3200. Try not to go over 1600. • ISO will always need to be manually adjusted – the camera will not adjust this setting for you!

  10. Shutter

  11. Shutter • Shutter speed determines how long light is allowed to hit the sensors inside the camera • It is measured in speed, or how quickly the shutter opens and closes • You’ll know how quickly the shutter moves by the sound it makes

  12. Shutter • Shutter speeds are measured in fractions of a second. Common ones are 1/60, 1/125, 1/250, 1/500. Can go as low as multiple seconds of shutter being open. • If you go below 1/60, you need a tripod

  13. Shutter • Slow shutter speeds (1/60 – 2 sec) are used in low-light scenarios and when there is little motion (or motion blur isn’t a problem) • Fast shutter speeds (1/250 – 1/1000) are used to freeze motion but can only be used in scenarios with good light

  14. Shutter • Shutter speed dramatically changes the type of picture you are taking. • If you want a crisp, motion-free image, higher shutter speeds (1/125-1/250) are best

  15. Shutter

  16. Aperture

  17. Aperture

  18. Aperture • Aperture refers to how wide the lens opens (or rather how wide a hole within the lens opens). • Aperture is measured in f-stops. Common f-stops are 2.8, 4, 5.6, 8, 11, 16, and 22.

  19. Aperture • The larger the f-stop number, the smaller the opening to the sensors (narrow aperture), and the less light is able to get in. • The smaller the f-stop number, the larger the opening to the sensors (wider aperture), and the more light is able to get in. • Confused yet?

  20. Aperture Wide Aperture Narrow Aperture

  21. Aperture • This is confusing. Why the heck would we ever adjust this? • Aperture controls the Depth of Field, which determines what’s in focus and what isn’t.

  22. Aperture • A narrow aperture (F-stops like 16, 22) means that everything is in focus, but they require well lit scenarios because the amount of light the camera perceives is so small. • A wide aperture (F-stops like 2.8, 4) will create a small window of focus, meaning you may have to move to get the picture you want

  23. Aperture

  24. Aperture

  25. Aperture

  26. Putting it all together • Your ISO, shutter speed and aperture together create exposure settings. That exposure becomes a picture when you press the button on the camera. • These three concepts work together, as they all involve light and how the camera perceives it.

  27. Putting it all together

  28. Putting it all together • As a photographer, you control the camera’s settings. We will not be shooting in (p), or programmed auto. • However, the camera will adjust one of the settings for you, depending on what mode (or priority) you shoot in.

  29. Putting it all together • If you want to control the depth of field (what’s in focus and what isn’t), you’ll want to be in aperture priority (a). • If you want to control how much motion blur you have, you’ll want to be in shutter priority (s). • Note: No matter what priority you’re in, you will always have to adjust the ISO yourself!

  30. Let’s try it out • You are a sports reporter for the Missourian and have been tasked to shoot the Mizzou football game. Your editor wants a picture of DorialGreen-Beckham making a diving catch to put on the front page. Gametime is at 3 p.m. and the forecast is sunny. • What mode do you shoot in, what setting do you choose and what is your ISO?

  31. Let’s try it out • You work for Voxand you’re working on a story about veterans and end of life care. Your editor sends you to a cemetery and asks that you take a picture of a row of veterans’ tombstones. It’s partly cloudy when you leave around 10 a.m. • What mode do you shoot in, what setting do you choose and what is your ISO?

  32. Let’s try it out • You work for National Geographic. Your editor wants you to take a landscape photograph and specifies that she wants to see detail, too. You head out in the early evening, but well before sunset. • What mode do you shoot in, what setting do you choose and what is your ISO?

  33. Let’s try it out • You work for the New York Times. You’re sent to Afghanistan to cover US involvement in the war. Your photographer wants a shot of soldiers on downtime. You arrive at night and see soldiers playing hoops under some basic overhead lights. • What mode do you shoot in, what setting do you choose and what is your ISO?

  34. Let’s try it out • You work for Nature. Your editor wants a sunrise picture over the grand canyon. She sends you out with a tripod. • What mode do you shoot in, what setting do you choose and what is your ISO?

  35. Basic Composition We’ll go over more in a couple weeks

  36. Basic composition • Instead of focusing on composition, I want you to instead focus on ISO, shutter and aperture. Mastering these aspects has to come first before we can even address composition

  37. Basic composition • Not everything needs to be dead center in the frame • Most photography is taken from eye level. Most photography is boring • Adjust your height – stand on boxes, crouch, or even lay down. • Adjust your point of view – get close to your subjects

  38. Basic composition • Look for things that catch your eve or things that are out of the ordinary • Most photography is boring and mundane. Capturing interesting things will help you avoid this. • If you see someone else taking a picture of it, go somewhere else. • Don’t give up just because what you’re doing is hard or difficult.

  39. Basic composition • Photography is all about capturing the moment, but this is surprisingly hard to do! • Check your equipment ahead of time • Have your exposure set ahead of time with the best guess for what you’ll need • When in doubt, take the picture • Don’t delete pictures until you view them on a computer

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