THE THIRTEEN ENGLISH COLONIES

1. THE THIRTEEN ENGLISH COLONIES Chapter 4

2. The New England Colonies • Massachusetts Bay Colony • Who founded it? • John Winthrop and 1,000 others • What did they face in England? • Puritans were persecuted • Where did they settle? • MA Bay near present-day Boston

3. The New England Colonies • Massachusetts Bay Colony • When? • 1629-1630 • Why did they establish MBC? • Biblical and economic reasons • How did they run the colony? • Male church members could vote

4. The New England Colonies • Connecticut • Who founded it? • Thomas Hooker • What was his reason for leaving? • He was forced to leave • Where did he settle? • On the Connecticut River

5. The New England Colonies • Connecticut • When? • 1636 • Why did he establish CT? • Wanted strict limits on government • How did he run the colony? • All men who owned property could vote • Limits on governor’s power

6. The New England Colonies • Rhode Island • Who founded it? • Roger Williams • What was his reason for leaving? • Challenged MA Bay leaders and was forced to leave • Where did he settle? • Narragansett Bay

7. The New England Colonies • Rhode Island • When? • 1635 • Why did he establish RI? • Wanted a separation of church and government • How did he run the colony? • Religious freedom • No state church • All white men could vote

8. The New England Colonies • Anne Hutchinson • Who? • Devout Puritan woman • What? • Led biblical discussions and claimed God spoke directly to her • Where? • RI

9. The New England Colonies • Anne Hutchinson • When? • 1638 • Why? • MA General Court ordered her out • How does history view her? • Symbol of struggle for religious freedom

10. Puritans and Native Americans • Settlers from MA Bay Colony spread out over New England. • Tensions with the Native Americans grew. • Metacom (King Phillip) was the Wampanoag chief in 1675. • Native American tribes worked together to drive the English from NE.

11. Puritans and Native Americans • The Native Americans destroyed towns and killed hundreds of settlers. • Within a year • Metacom was killed • His family was sold into slavery

12. Middle Colonies • New York-NY • 2 Rivalry between England and New Netherland grew • 5The colony was renamed New York • 1 Dutch officials gave patroons land in exchange for the patroons bringing in at least 50 families • 4King Charles II of England gave New Netherland to the Duke of York • 3Governor Peter Stuyvesant forced to surrender New Netherland

13. Middle Colonies • New Jersey-NJ • 2 People from other countries and colonies moved to New Jersey • 1 Duke of York gave some of New York away to his friends • 3 New Jersey became a royal colony

14. Middle Colonies • Pennsylvania-PA • 4 Pennsylvania Dutch arrived in Pennsylvania • 2 William Penn thought of his colony as a “holy experiment” and a model of religious freedom • 1 William Penn founded the colony of Pennsylvania in 1681 • 5 William Penn planned Philadelphia • 3 William Penn treated Native Americans fairly and gained their respect

15. Middle Colonies • Delaware-DE • 1The land around the Delaware River was call Pennsylvania Lower Counties • 2 William Penn allowed the Lower Counties to elect their own assembly • 3 In 1704, the Lower Counties broke away and formed Delaware

16. Southern Colonies • Maryland-Have at least these elements • Maryland was established by Lord Baltimore where Roman Catholics, and later Christians, could worship freely. • Maryland had access to fish, oysters, and crabs.

17. Southern Colonies • North Carolina • Poor tobacco farmers moved there from Virginia. • Many lived on small farms.

18. Southern Colonies • South Carolina • Eight English nobles set up the colony, and Charles Town (Charleston) was the largest settlement. • SC grew rice and indigo and relied heavily on slave labor. • (Enslaved Africans outnumbered settles 2:1)

19. Southern Colonies • Georgia • James Oglethorpe founded GA where debtors could start over. • Slavery was forbidden at first, but GA grew with the growth of plantations and slavery

20. Bacon’s Rebellion • New settlers arrived in VA and moved onto Native American lands. • Settlers and Indians clashed. • Settlers sought help from the governor.

21. Bacon’s Rebellion • In 1676, Nathaniel Bacon • Organized angry frontier planters • Led raids on Native American villages. • Burned Jamestown. • The revolt ended when Bacon died suddenly. • 23 of Bacon’s followers were hanged.

22. Tidewater and Backcountry • Where do these go? • Most settlements were near creeks and rivers allowing for easier trade (Tidewater) • Lived at the base of the Appalachian Mountains (Backcountry) • Were self-sufficient (Backcountry) • A small % owned large plantations (Tidewater)

23. Tidewater and Backcountry • Where do these go? • Planters made all crop decisions (Tidewater) • More democratic-settlers treated one another as equals (Backcountry) • Women did household work (Backcountry) • Few slaves worked on the farms (Backcountry) • Wives managed the household (Tidewater) • Slaves were crucial to success (Tidewater)

24. Middle Passage • Middle Passage-Slave ship route from West Africa to the West Indies • On the Middle Passage slaves • Were crammed together and chained • Resisted, but few escaped • Died in large numbers on the journey from disease and mistreatment

25. Section 4-Regulating Trade • Complete the statements • The theory of mercantilism says that a nation grew strong by keeping strict control over its trade. • The purpose of the Navigation Acts was to ensure that only England benefited from colonial trade.

26. Section 4-Regulating Trade • The Nav. Acts encouraged the colonists to build their own ships. • On the second leg of the triangular trade route, New England ships carried rum, guns, gunpowder, cloth, and tools to West Africa.

27. Section 4-Colonial Government • Most governors were appointed by either the king or by the colony’s proprietor. • Most colonial legislatures were made up of an upper house and a lower house.

28. Section 4-Limits • The right to vote was limited to white, Christian, men, over the age of 21 who owned land. • A married woman could not start her own business or sign a contract without her husband’s approval. • Africans and Native Americans had almost no rights.

29. Social Classes in the Colonies

30. Great Awakening • The Great Awakening was a religious movement that swept through the colonies in the 1730s-1740s. • Jonathan Edwards was a New England preacher who helped to set off the movement. • The movement inspired independent thinking among the colonists.

31. Enlightenment • The Enlightenment was a movement in Europe during the 1600s-1700s that emphasized the use of reason to guide society. • John Locke was an Enlightenment philosopher. • The Enlightenment spread quickly among those who could read.

32. People • Benjamin Franklin-good example of Enlightenment thinking-he used reason and logic to improve the world around him • John Peter Zenger-faced arrest and trial after printing criticism of the New York governor-trial showed the importance of freedom of the press

33. Great Awakening • Extra Credit=Worth up to 20 Bonus P0ints • Create an advertisement that shows your understanding of how the Great Awakening had effects in the colonies other than religious effects. • Due no later than Monday, October 3.