Hand Tools

1. Hand Tools Session 9

2. Industrial Tool Usage • Two categories • Hand tools • Machine tools • Importance of hand tools should not be overlooked • Bench work includes operations of inspecting, fitting, and assembling Shop Tools and Techniques

3. Two Classes of Hand Tools • Noncutting • Cutting Shop Tools and Techniques

4. Two Classes of Hand Tools • Noncutting • Include vises, hammers, screwdrivers, wrenches, pliers, and etc. • Used basically for holding, forming, assembling, reassembling, destroying, or dismantling parts Shop Tools and Techniques

5. Bench Vise • Also Called Machinist’s Vise • Used to hold small work securely for sawing, chipping, filing, polishing, drilling, reaming, and tapping • Size determined by width of jaws Shop Tools and Techniques

6. Shop Tools and Techniques

7. Bench Vise Jaw caps made of brass, aluminum, or copper to protect the work surface from being marred or damaged Solid or swivel base Shop Tools and Techniques

8. Other Vises Shop Tools and Techniques

9. Clamping Device • C-Clamp • Popular in Plant settings • 2” to 12” • Allows clamping two or more items together or clamping one item to another Shop Tools and Techniques

10. Clamping Device • Boiler Clamps • Heavy Duty • 6” to 24” Shop Tools and Techniques

11. Hard Faced Hammers • Ball Peen • Peen: smaller, rounded end • Used in riveting or peening operations • Variety of sizes Shop Tools and Techniques

12. Hard Faced Hammers • Sledge • Largest striking surface • Used in persuading or “nudging” objects • Variety of sizes: head mass range 1 to 12 lb • Smaller sizes used for gentle persuasion • Larger sizes used for serious business Shop Tools and Techniques

13. Hard Faced Hammers • Claw type • Smaller striking surface • Claw end can be used for prying nails and etc • Variety of sizes: head mass range 10 oz to 22 oz • Smaller available with ergonomic handles Shop Tools and Techniques

14. Soft-Faced Hammers • Faces made of plastic or rubber. • Plastic or rubber faced hammers are fastened to steel body and replaced when worn • Used in assembling or dismantling parts so finished surface of work not marred Shop Tools and Techniques

15. Soft-Faced Hammers • Heads with replaceable faces made of plastic or rubber Shop Tools and Techniques

16. Soft-Faced Hammers • Heads made of rawhide, aluminum, brass, copper, copper/bronze or lead • Entire head made of above material • Used in assembling or dismantling parts so finished surface of work not marred Shop Tools and Techniques

17. Soft-Faced Hammers • Heads with replaceable section of leather. Shop Tools and Techniques

18. Soft-Faced Hammers • Dead Blow hammers • Filled with lead or steel shot • Do not “bounce back” or “rebound” after striking object • Do not lose shape and last longer than lead hammers Shop Tools and Techniques

19. Safety Precautions When Using a Hammer • Be sure handle is solid and not cracked • Be sure head is tight on handle and secured with proper wedge to keep handle expanded in head • Never use with greasy handle or when your hands are greasy • Never strike two hammer faces together Shop Tools and Techniques

20. Screwdrivers • Two most common types • Standard or flat blade • Blades for smaller make of round stock • Blades for larger often square for leverage • Phillips • Different sizes and styles • Standard shank • Stubby shank • Offset Shop Tools and Techniques

21. Regular Screwdrivers • Tip for use with slotted-type screw • Manufactured in various sizes • To suit various-sized slots in heads of fasteners Shop Tools and Techniques

22. Phillips Screwdrivers • Tip for use with Phillips-type screws • Manufactured in sizes: #1, #2, #3, #4 • To suit various-sized recesses in heads of fasteners Shop Tools and Techniques

23. Torx Screwdrivers •  shaped tip for use with Torx-type recessed screw heads • Manufactured in assorted sizes • To suit various-sized recesses in heads of fasteners Shop Tools and Techniques

24. Square Head Screwdrivers • Tip for use with Square-type screw heads • Manufactured in assorted sizes • To suit various-sized recesses in heads of fasteners Shop Tools and Techniques

25. Star Head Screwdrivers • Star shaped tip for use with Star-type recessed screw heads • Manufactured in assorted sizes • To suit various-sized recesses in heads of fasteners Shop Tools and Techniques

26. Allen Head Screwdrivers • Tip for use with Allen-type screw heads • Manufactured in assorted sizes Shop Tools and Techniques

27. Care of a Screwdriver • Choose correct size of screwdriver for job • Too small, both screw recess and tip of screwdriver may become damaged • Do not use screwdriver as pry bar, chisel, or wedge • If tip or handle breaks or wears out, replace the screwdriver Shop Tools and Techniques

28. Wrenches • Many types used in machine shop work • Each suited for specific purpose • Name derived from use, shape, or construction • Most available in both inch and metric measuring systems Shop Tools and Techniques

29. Open-End Wrenches • Single-ended or double-ended • Openings usually offset at 15º angle • Permits turning nut or bolt head in limited spaces by "flopping" wrench • Double-ended have different-size opening at each end Shop Tools and Techniques

30. Box-End Wrenches • Completely surround nut and useful in close quarters where only small rotation of nut can be obtained at one time • Box end has 4, 6, or 12 precisely cut notches around inside face • Notches fit closely over points on outside of nut • Have different sizes at each end Shop Tools and Techniques

31. Combination Wrenches • Box end at one end • Open end at other • May have socket attached as one end • Wide variety available Shop Tools and Techniques

32. Line Wrenches • Also referred to as Flared nut wrenches • Six point construction • One section of wrench head removed to enable the head to encircle a flared nut with a line or tube running through it. Shop Tools and Techniques

33. Spud Wrenches • Similar to box or open end wrenches • Only one end has a wrench head • Other end used as an alignment tool Shop Tools and Techniques

34. Striking End Wrenches • Box or open end wrenches • Only one end has a wrench head • Other end used as an striking surface Shop Tools and Techniques

35. Torque Wrenches • Specialized wrenches for tightening nuts and bolts to specifications • Beam Type • Dial Type • Digital Type • Clicker Type Shop Tools and Techniques

36. Torque Wrenches Beam Types Shop Tools and Techniques

37. Torque Wrenches Dial Type Shop Tools and Techniques

38. Torque Wrenches Digital Type Shop Tools and Techniques

39. Torque Wrenches Clicker Types Shop Tools and Techniques

40. Torque Wrenches 3/8” Drive will measure 25-250 inchpounds 3/8” Drive will measure 10-75 footpounds 1/2” Drive will measure 20-150 footpounds Shop Tools and Techniques

41. Torque Wrenches Clicker Type Shop Tools and Techniques

42. Sockets • Size of Drives • ¼ inch • Light duty • ⅜ drive • General purpose • ½ inch drive • General Purpose • ¾ inch drive and above • Industrial Applications Shop Tools and Techniques

43. Sockets Six Point Eight Point Twelve Point Shop Tools and Techniques

44. Sockets • Regular • General purpose • Impact • Heavy duty • Industrial Shop Tools and Techniques

45. Socket Accessories Universal Joints Various Adapters Shop Tools and Techniques

46. Sockets Torx Head Internal Specialty Hex Head Torx Head External Flare Nut Crow’s Foot Shop Tools and Techniques

47. Socket Drivers Rachets Shop Tools and Techniques

48. Sockets Adjuncts Extensions Shop Tools and Techniques

49. Socket Accessories Speeder Bar Breaker Bar Breaker Bar Shop Tools and Techniques

50. Adjustable Wrenches • May be adjusted to within certain range to fit several sizes of nuts or bolt heads • Useful for odd-size nuts or when proper size not available • Can slip when not properly adjusted to flats of nut Shop Tools and Techniques