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Drug Therapies

Drug Therapies. Drug Therapies. Psychopharmacology (the study of drug effects on mind and behavior) . Factors to consider with drug therapy: Normal recovery rate of untreated patients Placebo effect Double blind procedure (neither staff nor patient know who has the placebo).

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Drug Therapies

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  1. Drug Therapies

  2. Drug Therapies • Psychopharmacology • (the study of drug effects on mind and behavior)

  3. Factors to consider with drug therapy: • Normal recovery rate of untreated patients • Placebo effect • Double blind procedure (neither staff nor patient know who has the placebo)

  4. Drug Therapy/Psychopharmacology The first psychological drugs were administered in 1953 with the antipsychotic drugs. In 1955, over ½ a million Americans were living in mental institutions, each staying an average of a few years. Then, with the introduction of tranquilizers, the number declined. By 1965, the number of patients was down to ¼ million, with most patients staying for only a few months.

  5. Drug Therapies & Mental Hospitals

  6. Drug Therapies

  7. Drug Therapies

  8. Drug Therapies & Mental Hospitals

  9. Drug Therapies • Antipsychotic drugs • Treat Psychoses • (disorders in which hallucinations or delusions indicate some loss of contact with reality)

  10. Antipsychotics: How do they work? • Block Dopamine • Chlorpromazine (Brand name: Thorazine) • Diminishes responsiveness to irrelevant stimuli • Treats positive Schizophrenia • Atypical antipsychotics (Clozaril) • Positive and negative symptoms • Target Dopamine AND Serotonin

  11. Antipsychotics: Side Effects? • Sluggishness, tremors, and twitches (Parkinson’s disease) • Too little dopamine • Tardive Dyskinesia • involuntary movements of the facial muscles (such as grimacing), tongue, and limbs. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R0EbgpyztCA • Obesity, diabetes

  12. Drug Therapies • Antianxiety drugs • Depress central nervous system • Xanax, Ativan • D-cycloserine • Used in conjunction with exposure therapy • Therefore, treats PTSD and OCD • Are they a “cure”?

  13. Drug Therapies • Antidepressant drugs • Use with mood and anxiety disorders • Target norepinephrine or serotonin • Increase mood and arousal

  14. Antidepressants • SSRI’s: • Selective-Serotonin-Reuptake-Inhibitors • Fluoxetine (Prozac) • Paxil, Zoloft

  15. Antidepressant Drugs: Prozac How does it work?

  16. Antidepressant Drugs: Prozac How does it work?

  17. Antidepressant Drugs: Prozac How does it work?

  18. Antidepressants • Side effects: dry mouth, weight gain, hypertension, dizzy spells • Can be alleviated by wearing a patch instead of taking a pill (bypass intestines and liver) • Alternatives: Exercise and Cognitive therapy (positive thinking) often increase serotonin naturally • Placebos account for 75% of drug effect • 1 in 4 people on average need to try another antidepressant (is that the 25% that actually have a chemical imbalance?)

  19. Drug Therapies • Mood-stabilizing medications often help calm Mania (bipolar) • Lithium • Depakote

  20. Truths About Drug Therapy… • Cannot cure any mental illness • Can alter the brain to suppress some symptoms • Can have negative long term effects • Can be habit forming • Often over prescribed

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