Unit 3 : United States Imperialism

1. Unit 3: United States Imperialism Imperialism: the policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies.

2. Imperialist PowersTerritories • Great Britain • France • Belgium • Germany • Japan

3. Imperial Ideology • Nationalism: love of one’s country • Social Darwinism • Western nations are culturally superior over the less industrialized nations • Christian missionaries sought to convert believers of other faiths

4. Competition for Territory • Industrial Revolution increased wealth of nations • Looked elsewhere for markets & opportunities for investment • Increased trade brought a rise of large navies • Protected trade interests • Social Darwinism justified European expansion

5. Reach of US Imperialism

6. South Pacific • Hawaii • Ideally located for coaling stations and bases • Ship trade between U.S. and Asia • Sugar industry grew and gained control • King Kalahauanegotiated treaty making sugar a cheap import to U.S. • After overthrow of Queen Liliuokalani, sugar tycoon Sanford Dole becomes president of Republic of Hawaii.

7. Far East • China • Spheres of Influence • Geographic area where outside nation exerts special economic or political control • Open Door Policy • Secretary of State John Hay proposed policy • Would give all nations equal trading rights in region • Increased foreign presence led to Boxer Rebellion • Western nations cooperated to put down rebellion

8. Far East • Japan • Isolated island and unindustrialized • Commodore Matthew Perry • Brought 4 steamships into Tokyo Bay (1853) • Wanted to pressure Japan into opening ports for trade • Quickly became industrialized and military power

9. Caribbean • Cuba • Unrest between Cubans and Spanish • Series of revolts by Cubans leading to Spanish exiling revolutionary leaders • Jose Marti: NYC writing newspaper articles • Returned to Cuba in 1895, died in revolt becoming instant hero • Spanish General ValerianoWeylerused ruthless tactics to suppress the revolt • Swayed American sentiment to side of rebels

10. Spanish-American War • USS Maine • Blew up in Havana Harbor killing 260 Americans • No proof, but explosion blamed on Spanish mine • Galvanized U.S. support for war • The Philippines • Commodore George Dewey engaged Spanish fleet in Manila Bay • Filipino rebels led by Emilio Aguinaldo fighting Spanish on land

11. Spanish-American War • After Spanish surrender in the Philippines, the war moves to Cuba. • Cuba • U.S. War Department was unprepared for war • Weather • Terrain of the island • Strategy: Gain control of port city of Santiago

12. Spanish-American War • U.S. wanted to gain control of San Juan & Kettle Hill • Theodore Roosevelt’s Rough Riders helped gain control of the hills • This allowed Americans to have advantage over city of Santiago • U.S. Navy sank the entire Spanish fleet off coast of Cuba

13. Spanish-American War • America’s victory over Spain elevated the position of the United States in the world • United States gained…… • Cuba from Spain • Territory in Puerto Rico and Guam • Philippines from Spain for $20 million • Territorial gains strengthened military & economic position of United States