Reading Skills: Identify the Writer ’ s Purpose

1. Reading Skills: Identify the Writer’s Purpose • 3 clues for readers to identify the kinds of writings: • informational writing: facts and evidence but not opinions or judgments • persuasive writing: emotional appeals with opinions and arguments, evaluating language(good/bad, right/wrong, horrifying/wonderful, etc. • Texts written to entertain: informal, simple structure

2. New words and Expressions in Text B • Key words & expressions of B.doc

3. Ceremony: 奥运会开幕式；颁奖典礼 The opening ceremony of the Olympic Games; the award ceremony

4. Include 包括 exclude 不包括；把……排除在外假如你想保持身材苗条，有一些食物是应该排除在你的饮食之外的。 There are some foods that you should try to exclude from your meals if you want to stay slim.

5. Beneath: I took oof my shoes and felt the soft grass beneath my bare feet. 我脱掉鞋子，感觉赤脚下柔软的青草。

6. Respective: 各自的My wife and I are going to visit our respective mothers. 我和我妻子打算去看望我们各自的母亲。

7. Conquest n. Conquer v.: 征服；占领 The Normans conquered England in 1066. 诺曼人于1066年征服了英格兰。

8. Whistle: 吹口哨；口哨声The referee whistled and the game was over. 裁判吹响了口哨，比赛结束了。

9. Approximate:

10. Underground: The cables all run underground.An underground publicationunderground activities 电缆都铺在地下。 地下出版物 地下活动

11. Spur: 激励；刺激The government cut the interest rates to spur demand. The coach spurred his players to fight harder. 政府削减利率来刺激需求。 教练鞭策他的队员们更加努力地拼搏。

12. Equivalent: 相当的；相等的At the very beginning, many Chinese words, such as dim sum and litchi, have no English equivalents. 最初，一些中文单词在英语里并没有对应词。

13. Pray: 祈祷；祈求Many western people don’t go to the church to pray now.We are praying for a fine day. 我们祈求一个好天气。

14. Accuse: 指责；控告The middle-aged man has been accused of murdering his wife.The girl accused her boyfriend of not being generous. 这个中年男子被指控谋杀了他的妻子。 女孩指责她的男朋友不够大方。

15. Optimistic 乐观的 Pessimistic: 悲观的She was very depressed and pessimistic about the future.His conclusions in this respect were generally pessimistic. 她很沮丧，对将来很悲观。 他在这方面的结论总的来说很悲观。

16. Reckon: 估计；计算Prices are reckoned to have increased by 20% during November.My pay is reckoned from the first of the month. 据估计，11月份的价格上涨了20%。 我的工资从这个月的第一天算起。

17. For short: serving a short formThe United Nations is called UN for short. 联合国简称UN.

18. Behind schedule: 比预定时间/计划晚The plane is two hours behind schedule.//The plane is two hours late.We finished our job ahead of schedule. 飞机晚点两个小时。 我们提前完成了工作。

19. But for If (it is) not for…: 要不是The Earth would be a frozen ball if (it were) not for the sunshine. 要不是太阳光，地球可能已经成了冰球了。

20. Have … in common: Though they are twins, they have little in common in terms of personality. 她们尽管是双胞胎，但性格差别很大。

21. By far: Jane is by far the best student in the class.It’s quicker by far to go by train. 珍妮显然是班上最好的学生。 乘火车要快得多。

22. In case: 万一When you go to the concert tonight, take an umbrella with you in case it rains.Please remind me of the meeting on Friday in time in case I forget. 你们今晚去听音乐会时要带上雨伞，以防下雨。 请及时提醒我周五开会的事，免得我忘记。

23. Ex XVIII1. As soon as he entered the office, the director asked his secretary of the genera manager’s train was behind schedule.2. Women are excluded from the temple.3. North Atlantic Treaty Organization is NATO for short.4. He has a lot in common with his sister Kate. 5. The use of typewriters in offices is dying out. 6. The building where my department is located goes back to the 19th century.

24. 7. By far the most important issue for them is unemployment.8. Given his poor health, he’s done a good job.