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Classification of Angiosperms

Classification of Angiosperms. The Flowering Plants. Two Major Groups. Monocots Single cotyledon Parallel veins Flowers in multiples of 3’s Dicots Two cotyledons Netted veins Flowers in multiples of 2, 4 or 5 . Monocot and Dicot plant. FRUITS. SIMPLE Dry (poppy seed, milkweed, wheat)

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Classification of Angiosperms

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  1. Classification of Angiosperms The Flowering Plants

  2. Two Major Groups • Monocots • Single cotyledon • Parallel veins • Flowers in multiples of 3’s • Dicots • Two cotyledons • Netted veins • Flowers in multiples of 2, 4 or 5

  3. Monocot and Dicot plant

  4. FRUITS • SIMPLE • Dry (poppy seed, milkweed, wheat) • Fleshy (peach, plumb, apple, tomato, grape) • AGGREGRATE • Flowers with several carpels • Raspberry, strawberry • MULTIPLE • Cluster of flowers • Pineapple

  5. Simple, aggregrate and multiple fruit

  6. SEED STRUCTURES • Micropyle • Opening through which the pollen tube grows to deliver pollen to the ovary (ovules) • Plumule • Epicotyl + embryonic leaves • First leaves to emerge during germination • Hypocotyl • Stem like area between radicle and cotyledon

  7. SEED STRUCTURES (2) • Radicle • Embryonic root • First to emerge from the seed during germination • Cotyledon • Fleshy part of the seed; food storage for plant embryo until germination • Hilum • Seed scar; where seed was attached to the ovary wall • Seed Coat • Covers and protects the seed during dormancy

  8. Typical Seed

  9. Germination • Dormancy • Allows seed to germinate when conditions are favorable • How do you know germination has occurred? • Radicle emerges • Leaves • Photosynthesis begins • Cotyledons no longer needed

  10. Factors that Trigger Germination • Water • Oxygen • Temperature • Light • Fire • Freezing temps. • Animal digestive tract • Hormones

  11. Plant Hormones • Auxins • Regulate plant growth

  12. Hormones (2) • Cytokinins • Promotes cell division (roots and stems) • Gibberellins • Promote growth • Stimulate germination • Abscisic Acid • Inhibits growth of buds and germination • Ethylene • Gas that stimulates ripening of fruits

  13. Hormones (3) • Oligosaccharins • Regulate growth and development • Defense against disease

  14. TROPISM • Plant movement towards or away from a stimuli • EXAMPLES • Phototropism (light) • Thigmotropism (touch) • Gravitropism (gravity) • Chemotropism (chemical/hormones) • Hydrotropism (water)

  15. THE FLOWER • The reproductive structure for the flowering plant • Perfect Flowers • Both stamens and carpels present • Self or cross pollination • Imperfect Flowers • Either stamens or carpels present • Cross pollination only

  16. Female Reproductive Parts • Essential • Carpel • Pistil (fused carpels) • Stigma, style, ovary • Stigma • Sticky to trap pollen • Style • Tube from stigma to ovary • Ovary • Holds the ovules

  17. Female Flower Parts C A R P E L

  18. Male Reproductive Parts • Essential • Stamen • Male reproductive part • Anther and filament • Anther • Produces pollen • Filament • Supports the anther

  19. Male Flower Parts

  20. Nonessential Flower Parts • Petal • Attract pollinators • Top whorl • Sepal • Protect developing flower • Bottom whorl • Corolla • Both whorls

  21. Nonessential Flower Parts

  22. Flowers

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