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Refraction and Reflection

Refraction and Reflection. Reflection. i. r. 1. Angle of incidence (i) = Angle of reflection (r) 2. Incident ray, normal, and reflected ray coplanar. Diffuse Reflection.

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Refraction and Reflection

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  1. Refraction and Reflection

  2. Reflection i r 1. Angle of incidence (i) = Angle of reflection (r) 2. Incident ray, normal, and reflected ray coplanar

  3. Diffuse Reflection • If successive elevations of a surface are no more than l/8 apart, then the surface is said to be polished at that wavelength. • Most objects are seen by diffuse reflection.

  4. Ray Diagramming Plane Mirror

  5. Plane Mirrors Object Image

  6. Plane Mirrors • Image Properties: • Virtual • Erect • Same Size

  7. Reflection from Curved Surfaces(Concave shown here) Ray Diagramming f Principal axis Reflecting Surface The law of specular reflection is still obeyed.

  8. Fermat’s Principle • Light travels in straight lines and takes the path of least time. • Predicts both reflection and refraction

  9. Help Help Help Beach Water

  10. Refraction i air ni water nR R

  11. speed of light in vacuum n = speed of light through medium Snell’s Law ni sin qi = nR sin qR Index of Refraction n = c / v ³ 1

  12. Because of atmospheric refraction, we have lingering, elliptical sunsets. Sun Earth Sun

  13. Sunset

  14. Mirage Cool air Warm air Surface of water?

  15. Looming Warm air Cool air

  16. 960

  17. Dispersion in a Prism

  18. Mercury Near Horizon

  19. Green Flash Earth Sun Dispersion occurs causing multiple images of the sun. The last to set would be blue, but most of the blue has been scattered which leaves green.

  20. Green Flash

  21. Total Internal Reflection Critical Angle

  22. Two Prisms in a Monocular

  23. Lenses Converging Lens

  24. Lenses Diverging Lens

  25. Ray Diagramming f Principal axis Applet1

  26. Various Lenses Double Convex Double Concave Plano Convex Plano Concave Convex Meniscus Concave Meniscus Convex lenses are positive converging lenses. Concave lenses are negative diverging lenses.

  27. white Lens Defects Chromatic Aberration Spherical Aberration

  28. Pinhole

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