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19 th Century Slavery “The Peculiar Institution”

19 th Century Slavery “The Peculiar Institution”. THE OLD SOUTH & SLAVERY 1820-1860 A10Q 7.10.30. Compromises. 3/5 – Constitution “recognizes slavery” Commerce – Importation banned in 1808 Missouri (1820) – 36-30 Line Legitimizes Slavery? Gag Rule - 1836

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19 th Century Slavery “The Peculiar Institution”

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  1. 19th Century Slavery“The Peculiar Institution” THE OLD SOUTH & SLAVERY 1820-1860 A10Q 7.10.30

  2. Compromises • 3/5 – Constitution “recognizes slavery” • Commerce – Importation banned in 1808 • Missouri (1820) – 36-30 Line • Legitimizes Slavery? • Gag Rule - 1836 • 1850 – Popular Sovereignty, Fugitive Slave Act, • Kansas-Nebraska – Pop Sov

  3. Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime where of the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. Section 2. Congress shall have the power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

  4. Essential Question • To what degree was the South developing as a distinctively different region from the rest of the United States during the period 1820 to 1860? • To what degree did slavery shape life in the South during this period? (Consider political, economic, social and intellectual aspects of life in the South)

  5. Slaves Using the Cotton Gin

  6. Slaves Workingin a Sugar-Boiling House, 1823

  7. Slave Auction: Charleston, SC-1856

  8. A.The Southern Economy • Primarily agrarian • Economic power shifted from the “upper South” to the “lower South” • “Cotton Is King!” • 1860 - 5 million Bales exported per year (57% of US exports)

  9. The Agricultural Economy of the South,1860

  10. Changes in Cotton Production 1860 ▼ 1820 ▲

  11. Value of Cotton Exports As a Percentage of All U.S. Exports

  12. A.The Southern Economy • Very slow development of industry • Rudimentary financial system. • Economic dependence on North • Inadequate transportation system.

  13. Anti-Slave Pamphlet

  14. B. SOUTHERN SOCIETY (1850) “Slavocracy”[plantation owners, small slaveowners] 6,000,000 The “Plain Folk”[white yeoman farmers, tenant farmers,sandhillers,hill people] Black Freemen 250,000 Black Slaves3,200,000 Total US Population --> 23,000,000[9,450,000 in the South = 40%]

  15. Southern Society in 1860

  16. Slave-Owning Families (1850)

  17. B.WHITE SOCIETY & CULTURE • Why did many Southerners support the slave system when 75% didn’t own slaves? • Was there a change in attitude re slavery? • How did they justify slavery? • Who did NOT support the slave system? Plantation House, St. Mary’s, MD (1830s) Southern Yeoman farmer’s home

  18. Southern Pro-Slavery Propaganda

  19. Slave Accoutrements Slave MasterBrands Slave muzzle

  20. Slave Auction: Charleston, SC-1856

  21. Anti-Slave Pamphlet

  22. C.SLAVERY & SLAVE CULTURE • “Peculiar Institution” • Slave trade - Middle Passage • Protection under law • Constitution – Art IV, Sec 2 • Fugitive Slave Act (1793)

  23. Paths of the Internal Slave Trade

  24. C. SLAVERY & SLAVE CULTURE 4. Slave Life & Culture • Black Christianity [Baptists or Methodists]: * more emotional worship services; negro spirituals. • Nuclear family with extended kin links, where possible. • Importance of music in their lives. [esp.spirituals]. • Slave codes • Resistance • Nat Turner • “Sambo” Slave Rebellions and Uprisings, 1800-1831

  25. Life of a Slave • Most slaves had Sundays off and they went to church. • Most slaves could not read or write, and it was illegal for them to learn. • Slave Codes-They could not: leave their home without a pass, carry a weapon, gather in groups, own property, legally marry, defend themselves against a white person, or speak in court.

  26. Slave Cabin and Occupants Near Eufala, Barbour County, Alabama

  27. Resistance • Flight-Slaves would runaway. • Truancy-Flight for a short amount of time and then the slave came back. • Refusal to reproduce-Women refused to have children. • Covert Action-Slaves would sometimes kill animals, destroy crops, start fires, steal stuff, break tools, poison food.

  28. Violence • 4 major slave revolts- • Stono Rebellion-failed revolt in South Carolina in 1739 • Gabriel Prosser-led failed revolt in Virginia in 1800 • Denmark Vessey-led failed revolt in South Carolina in 1822 • Nat Turner-killed 60 white people in Virginia in 1831

  29. Resistance to Slavery

  30. Defense of Slavery

  31. The Civil War and the Emancipation Proclamation • Early in the war, Lincoln began to think about ending slavery in the South to help end the war. • On September 22, 1862 he issued the Emancipation Proclamation which declared an end to slavery in the states in rebellion on January 1, 1863. • What did it do? Nothing. It only freed slaves in the states that had seceded.

  32. End of the Civil War and the 13th Amendment • The South lost, and the states were forced to accept the 13th Amendment to the Constitution before they could be readmitted into the Union. • 13th Amendment-It abolished slavery in the United States. • It was ratified in 1865.

  33. Adapted from presentation by: Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY and

  34. Sources • Library of Congress – Prints and Photographs Division Online Catalog - http://lcweb2.loc.gov/pp/pphome.html • Library of Congress – African Mosaic - http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/african/afam015.html • Africans in America – PBS - http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/rb_index_hd.html

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