DECONTAMINATION

1. DECONTAMINATION

2. REGULATION OSHA 1910.120(q) Employer shall develop plans • Operations level = basic implementation • Technician = understand and implement • Specialist = determine and implement • IC = understand importance

3. DEFINITION The process of removing or neutralizing contaminants that have accumulated on personnel, property, and equipment

4. DECONTAMINATION PLAN • Development • Part of scene safety plan • Person responsible

5. DECONTAMINATION PLANREASONS • Number and layout of decon stations • Equipment needs • Appropriate decon methods • Preventing contamination of clean areas • Contaminant contact minimized • Disposal of clothing and equipment

6. DECONTAMINATION PLANFLEXIBILITY REVISE THE PLAN WHENEVER: • Level of PPE changes • Ambient or other conditions change • Hazards are reassessed TRAIN ALL PERSONNEL ON THE PLAN

7. CONTAMINATION PREVENTION SAFE WORK PRACTICES • Walk, sit, or stand, get splashed by, or come in contact with airborne or liquid materials • Use contaminated equipment and instruments DO NOT (if possible):

8. CONTAMINATION PREVENTION DO: • Use disposable garments and equipment when possible • Cover equipment and tools when possible • Use proper donning and doffing procedures • Use remote sampling and handling equipment • Encase the source of contamination with plastic sheeting or overpacks

9. CONTAMINATION PREVENTION PPE INSPECTION • Ensure there are no cuts or punctures • Close all flaps, zippers, buttons, and ties • Tape openings of gloves, boots, and jackets • Dress prior to entering work zone

10. CONTAMINATION LOCATION • Surface only or permeated into PPE • Sometimes easy to detect and remove on the surface • Permeated material may be difficult or impossible to detect and remove • Without removal, permeation continues until breakthrough occurs

11. FIVE MAJOR FACTORS OF PERMEATION • Contact time • Chemical concentration • Temperature • Ambient • Chemical • Size of chemical molecules and pore space of PPE material • Physical state (solid, liquid, or gas)

12. THREE DECON METHODS 1. Physical removal • Dislodging / displacing • Washing / rinsing • Wiping / brushing • Evaporation • High pressure (air or water) • Disposal • Vacuum (dry decon)

13. THREE DECON METHODS 2. Chemical removal • Done only if recommended by a chemist, industrial hygienist, or qualified professional 3. Inactivation (rendering inert) • Chemical detoxification • Disinfection • Sterilization

14. CLEANING SOLUTIONS EPA RECOMMENDS ONLY SOAP AND WATER FOR ALL WET DECON Before using any other solution, contact the chemical manufacturer and check chemical compatibility and suit material compatibility

15. EXAMPLES OF CLEANING CHEMICALS

16. TESTING DECON EFFECTIVENESS • Visual observation • Natural light • Discoloration or stains • Material degradation and breakdown • Ultraviolet light • Some hydrocarbons become visible • Colorimetric tube • Individual chemical testing

17. TESTING DECON EFFECTIVENESS • Wipe sampling • Natural light • Dry or wet cloth swab; send to lab • Sample inner and outer surfaces • Cleaning solution analysis • Sample final rinse • pH of final rinse • Permeation testing • Send sample pieces of suit to lab

18. HEALTH AND SAFETY HAZARDS • Compatibility of decon solution with PPE and hazardous substances • Possible health hazard to workers • Effective decon methods • Decon line established before anyone enters the Hot Zone

19. DECON DESIGN • Located in the Contamination Reduction Zone (CRZ) between the Hot and Cold Zones • The level and type of decon are dependent on the material(s) found • Should include emergency contingencies

20. CONTAMINATION REDUCTION ZONE Equipment Decontamination Hot Zone Hot Line Exit Path Wash and Rinse Wind Tank change Auxiliary access control path CRZ Emergency Decon Dirty Side Clean Side Warm Zone CRC Redress Cold Line Cold Zone Support Staff Enter Path

21. CONTAMINATION REDUCTION ZONE Recommended heavy equipment DECON

22. DECON PROCEDURES • Place chemically impervious ground cover in decon area • Follow a series of specific tasks • Perform work at several separate stations to prevent cross contamination • Perform work in order of decreasing contamination (dirty to clean)

23. DECON PROCEDURES • Set up in a straight line when possible • Size depends on: • Number of work stations • Scene layout and topography • Usually 75' x 15' is adequate

24. Overall DECON

25. Entering the DECON corridor

26. Personnel DECON

27. Emergency Shower

28. 19-STEP DECON LINE Boot cover and glove wash Decon Layout Level A Protection Tape removal Boot cover removal Segregated equipment drop Outer glove removal 5 4 3 2 Exclusion/ Hot Zone 1 6 HOT LINE BC and G rinse Suit and boot wash Suit and boot rinse Safety boot removal FES removal CBA backpack removal Inner glove wash Inner glove rinse Face piece removal Inner glove removal Inner clothing removal 7 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 9 Tank change Contamination Reduction or Warm Zone Contamination Reduction Corridor COLD LINE 18 Field wash Support or Cold Zone 19 Redress

29. Equipment Drop B drop all equipment except the information that goes to the Command Center

30. Gross wash and rinse done by the Entry Team personnel with assistance from DECON personnel

31. DECON personnel conduct the second wash and rinse

32. Final rinse

33. Decision: Change-out tank or remove suit?

34. Tank change-out done by the “rinser”

35. Removal of the chemical suit

36. SCBA Removal

37. Field wash and rinse, or shower, or DECON trailer

38. DECON shower with privacy curtain

39. Shower B PVC pipe and a 200-gal. catch basin

40. Shower and final rinse

41. Shower for cooling personnel

42. DECON trailer

43. Stools for members of the Entry Team remaining in their suits B medical monitoring and debriefing

44. Medical monitoring and debriefing for out-of-suit personnel

45. Air-inflatable tent used for medical monitoring and debriefing

46. DECON line diagrammed onto a clear polyethylene sheet

47. F.S.O.P. No. 7 MINIMUM A AND B DECON 201 Wind direction Decon solution Water 201 Support Zone Decon outer garments Equipment drop Remove boots/gloves and outer garments (For disposal and offsite decontamination) Remove boot covers and outer gloves Tank changeover point Plastic sheet Can (10 gallon) Hot Line Exclusion zone Can (32 gallon) Contamination Reduction Zone Remove SCBA

48. EPA's 7-STEP DECON LINE Decon Layout Level A and B Protection Exclusion or Hot Zone Segregated equipment drop 1 HOT LINE Outer boot, glove, FES wash and rinse 2 3 Outer boot and glove removal Contamination Reduction or Warm Zone 4 Tank change Boot, glove, and FES removal 5 6 SCBA removal Contamination Reduction Corridor COLD LINE Field wash 7 Support or Cold Zone

49. 7-step Decontamination Line

50. DECON COMPLETE LAYOUT ENTRY ENTRY WARM ZONE HOT ZONE COLD ZONE A B CLEAN SIDE CLEAN SIDE A B F RETURN TO HOT ZONE S F M Sta. #5 Sta. #6 EXIT I I L B B F F E E F F O C F C C D K EXIT J D J D Q N N Sta. #1 Sta. #2 Sta. #4 Sta. #3 Q P P G G F F G R Sta. 7 O O DIRTY SIDE H H H H H H H A Emergency Decon Area Station # 2 - Second Wash and Rinse Station # 4 - Tank Change / Cartridge Station # 1 - Gross Wash and Rinse Station # 6 - Field Wash or Shower B. Bucket with brush F. Stools AA. Vacuum D. Trash can C. Plastic pool K. Cylinders BB. Extra pads G. Shower ( if used ) E. Wash solution L. Supply of outer gloves A. Equipment drop O. Table H. Drums for spent solution M. Outer boot covers B. Bucket with brush P. Bucket of soap and water I. Garden hose with spray wand C. Plastic pool Q. Bucket of water J. Stabilizing device Station # 5 - Equipment Removal D. Bucket for trash R. Supply of inner suits D. Trash can E. Wash solution Station # 3 - Final Rinse F. Stools F. Stool Station # 7 - Medical Monitoring / Debriefing H. Drums for trash C. Plastic pool G. Shower (if used) F. Stools G. Shower (if used) N. Trash bags H. Drums for spent solution O. Table H. Drums for spent solution O. Table S. Blood pressure cuff and thermometer P. Bucket of soap and water I. Garden hose with spray wand Q. Bucket of water J. Stabilizing device