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Section 12.4 Bonding in Solids

Section 12.4 Bonding in Solids. In these sections… Control of ionic bond strength Determining lattice energy: Born-Haber Cycles Band Theory: Metallic bonding Band Theory: Semicondictors. Bonding in Ionic and Metallic Solids. Ionic Bonding Lattice Energy: Trends.

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Section 12.4 Bonding in Solids

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  1. Section 12.4 Bonding in Solids

  2. In these sections… Control of ionic bond strength Determining lattice energy: Born-Haber Cycles Band Theory: Metallic bonding Band Theory: Semicondictors Bonding in Ionic and Metallic Solids

  3. Ionic Bonding Lattice Energy: Trends

  4. Determining Lattice Energy: Born-Haber Cycles • Conceptualize Ionic Compound Formation: • Na(s) + ½ Cl2(g)  NaCl(s) H = -lattice energy • Step 1. Vaporize Na(s) • Na(s)  Na(g) Hosublimation = 107 kJ • Step 2. Ionize Na(g) • Na(g)  Na+(g) + e- Ionization Energy = 496 kJ • Step 3. Break Cl-Cl bond (need only 1 Cl) • ½ Cl-Cl(g)  Cl(g) ½ Cl-Cl Bond = ½ 242 kJ = 121kJ • Step 4. Ionize Cl(g) • Cl(g) + e-  Cl-(g) Electron Affinity = -349 kJ • Step 5. Lattice Formation • Na+(g) + Cl-(g)  NaCl(s) Energy = U, Lattice Energy • Steps 1 through 5 = Hoformation (NaCl(s))= -411 kJ • Solve for U = (-107 + -496 + -121 + 349 + -411) kJ = -786 kJ • Lattice energy = 786 kJ/mol

  5. Metallic Bonding: Band Theory

  6. Metallic Bonding: Trendssim

  7. Semiconductors: Band Theory

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