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The Future Or: What I’d Like from Publications of the Future

The Future Or: What I’d Like from Publications of the Future. Eduard Hovy USC/ISI www.isi.edu /~hovy. Vision. To improve the communication of knowledge between scholars using new informatics technology. Why publish?.

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The Future Or: What I’d Like from Publications of the Future

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  1. The FutureOr: What I’d Like from Publications of the Future Eduard Hovy USC/ISI www.isi.edu/~hovy

  2. Vision To improve the communication of knowledge between scholars using new informatics technology

  3. Why publish? • Record new knowledge (data, insights, interpretations, theories…) with a time-stamp • Communicate this to others • Enable measurement of personal performance (e.g., for proposals or tenure) • Train new scholars to write

  4. A PoF should do all the traditional things papers do,but also more…

  5. What PoFs add • Better knowledge access • Better knowledge communication • Better knowledge verification/extension Use terminology standards Automate access (help interested people locate the work) (help the reader understand the work) Reflect the foundational theory and methodology Contextualize work in relation to current world Use best media at hand (penalize bullshitters) Expose the reasoning Provide non-text info and tools

  6. So why don’t we do this today???

  7. Why/when publish with a PoF?(Why would our vision stick?) • When the PoF is…easy to produce • learn and use tools quickly • capture all aspects of the knowledge • Easy to consume • ingest the results faster and deeper • Cheap • More effective • readers get more info, more accurately • ditto for your proposal reviewers • (tenure) evaluators get a more accurate picture • Cool • all other things being equal, making a PoF is cooler than not No impediments Many benefits

  8. What’s our problem? • We’ve got an intuitive idea of what we mean • We’ve got lots of cool tools and demos BUT • We don’t have a clear vision of what’s possible • We don’t have a clear statement of why • We don’t understand the impediments and costs • We don’t have a procedure/environment yet

  9. Goals of the meeting • (Define the vision: To improve communication) • List and organize the methods (what things can I do?): • All kinds of functionalities to aid producers and consumers • Example tools that illustrate them today • Technology needs • Study the impacts/effects (why is it beneficial?): • On knowledge consumers • On assessors (of proposals, of us) • Study the financial implications (what will it cost me?) • Work on how to make it happen (how can I do it?)

  10. The report • Improving knowledge communication • Vision: What are the communication functionalities and their integration • Technology: What are the tools for doing this • Impacting our world • Social aspects: How do we quantify impact of use • Coolness: How do we make it attractive to do/use • Overcoming obstacles • Financial considerations: How do we make it sustainable • Getting the ball rolling: How do we start?

  11. Vision: the benefits

  12. A PoF should do all the traditional things papers do,but also more…

  13. Additional desiderata for a PoF • Make the work easy to find • Make it easy to ingest/understand • Make it easy to verify/extend Use terminology standards Automate access (automatically push toward the right place; preemptively advertise) (help the reader, at all levels) Reflect the foundational theory and methodology Contextualize work in relation to current world Use best media at hand Expose the reasoning Provide non-text info and tools (penalize bullshitters)

  14. How to achieve this?

  15. Contextualizing the work: Ideas, papers, researchers, practitioners • Goal: Situate the work in the evolving stream of knowledge • Contexts: The Web-of-X • Ideas / theories • Papers • Social network of researchers • Research network of practitioners (some fields have theoreticians and practitioners: Economics–Banking, Psychology–Therapy, PoliSci and Public Admin– eGovernment, etc.

  16. Approach 1 Approach 2 Approach 3

  17. Automated Citation Summarizer (Wan et al.)

  18. Adding other media into text

  19. Inserting more other-media into papers (O’Donoghue et al.)

  20. Active pdf in documents (Greenacre and Hastie)

  21. Non-text info and Tools • Goal: Publish also the actual non-text data and tools • Provide • Data, images, movies, etc. • Data collection and manipulation machinery and software linked to their actual mentions in the paper • Maintenance • Update, maintain, and extend this as new data becomes available • Who will do this? • The argument: Publishers as Archives / Data Warehouses

  22. …and let’s not forget presentations!They are PoFs too, and should be connected to the paper(s) and contexts and termbanks, and should also contain supporting frameworks

  23. The above is common to all (or most) disciplines and fieldsBUT the various types of data and the various underlying theoretical foundations and methodologies differs…

  24. PoFs should reflect/support foundational theory and methodology • Goal: Present the work in the form most ‘consumable’ by the expert reader • Vision: • Provide frameworks or templates reflecting the underlying theoretical constructs and methodologies of the field • Encourage authors to conform to the template at the crucial points • Link terminology and procedures to standardized and centralized termbanks • Discourage free-form argumentation and BS

  25. Ex 1: Measurement as foundation:Scientific experiments • Problem: How to describe causality in the world • Example: KE-f-ED model for Biomedical experiments (Burns): • Independent (input) variables determine dependent (output) variables • Experiments are determinations of the (causal) relation • Model: • Describe domain and hypothesis and variables • Describe experimental setup, incl. independent variables’ values • Describe measurement process • Describe output: dependent variables’ values • Discuss how this validates (or not) the hypothesis

  26. KE-f-ED example (Burns et al.)

  27. Ex 2: Balancing concerns as foundation: Ethics • Problem: How to reason about balancing concerns • Examples: Actions of tobacco companies, chlorine industry, nuclear power plants… — or governments regulating them • Foundational pattern: The Precautionary Principle • In the absence of scientific consensus, the burden to prove harmlessness lies with the agency wanting to act • Algorithmic formalizations to support discussion and quantification of Risks (probabilities of Bad Things) and Hazards (intensities of their effects) • Research papers: Case studies giving situations, economic and social and environmental effects, numerical data, etc.

  28. PoFs on Precautionary Principle • A PoF should include a framework or template of the reasoning scheme, into which the author must/can cast the argument

  29. Ex 3: Evolution over time as foundation: Musicology and History • Problem: How to understand temporal development of things: music, political states, societies… • Basic foundational pattern: Characterization of principal features at various points in time, with (causal) linkages between them • Example: Evolution of understanding of harmony: • Formalization of increasingly sophisticated models of harmony from pre-Bach (’horizontal’ melodies in modes) to Bach (‘vertical’ chords of notes) • Foundation: Timeline, with data and reasoning in multiple modalities linked into it • Music scores, actual music, past theoretical works…

  30. Impacts of pofs: Society

  31. Costs of Pofs: financial aspects

  32. What are we paying for? Reviewing Typesetting Copyediting Recruiting Reviewing Typesetting Copyediting Advertising Distributing Indexing Storing Delivering Web Accessing Blogs

  33. Living in the future • If you make available a wonderful PoF-building and distribution system, with open access, what then? • The immediate future would be great • And the longer-term future? • Code no longer works • Data grows in incompatible ways • Fancy media are not supported any more • Formats go out of date (troff, Scribe…)

  34. The Business Case • Somebody has to do the work we don’t want to: • Authoring tool standardization and support • PoF copyediting and typesetting and formatting • Data archiving and updating • Data software archiving and support • Somebody has to pay for this: • The producers can pay some • The consumers can pay some • It would be nice if we knew the individual costs and how bundled they necessarily are

  35. Where should we go from here? • Double-publish: Paper-liteand Paper-rich • Measure effort and cost to produce both versions • Measure consumption of both • Find where’s the value… What do people ‘pay’ for? • Get the publishers involved: show them where they can play a role • (And perhaps funders? But better if not…) • Get more people (and humanities researchers) involved

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