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Charge Coupled Device (CCD)

Charge Coupled Device (CCD). < 10 m m x 10 m m. Silicon cells emit electrons when light falls on it. Charge Coupled Device (CCD). < 10 m m x 10 m m. charge. charge. time. luminance. cell. Filters over cells. More green than red, blue. Y=0.299R + 0.587G +0.114B. (For color tv and…?).

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Charge Coupled Device (CCD)

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  1. Charge Coupled Device (CCD) < 10mm x 10mm Silicon cells emit electrons when light falls on it

  2. Charge Coupled Device (CCD) < 10mm x 10mm charge charge time luminance cell

  3. Filters over cells More green than red, blue Y=0.299R + 0.587G +0.114B (For color tv and…?)

  4. CCD Cameras • Good links: • http://denton.chem.arizona.edu/ccd/ • Some device specs: • http://www.MASDKODAK.com/

  5. Color TV • Multiple standards - US, 2 in Europe, HDTV standards, Digital HDTV , Japanese analog. • US: 525 lines (US HDTV is digital, and data stream defines resolution. Typically MPEG encoded to provide 1088 lines of which 1080 are displayed)

  6. NTSC Analog Color TV • 525 lines/frame • Interlaced to reduce bandwidth • small interframe changes help • Primary chromaticities:

  7. NTSC Analog Color TV • These yield 1.909 -0.985 0.058RGB2XYZ = -0.532 1.997 -0.119 -0.288 -0.028 0.902 Y=0.299R + 0.587G +0.114B (same as luminance channel for JPEG!) = Y value of white point. Cr = R-Y, Cb = B-Y with chromaticity: Cr: x=1.070, y=0; Cb: x=0.131 y=0; y(C)=0 => Y(C)=0 => achromatic

  8. NTSC Analog Color TV • Signals are gamma corrected under assumption of dim surround viewing conditions (high saturation). • Y, Cr, Cb signals (EY, Er, Eb) are sent per scan line; NTSC, SECAM, PAL do this in differing clever ways EY typically with twice the bandwidth of Er, Eb

  9. NTSC Analog Color TV • Y, Cr, Cb signals (EY, Er, Eb) are sent per scan line; NTSC, SECAM, PAL do this in differing clever ways. • EY with 4-10 x bandwidth of Er, Eb • “Blue saving”

  10. Digital HDTV • 1987 - FCC seeks proposals for advanced tv • Broadcast industry wants analog, 2x lines of NTSC for compatibility • Computer industry wanta digital • 1993 (February) DHDTV demonstrated • in four incompatible systems • 1993 (May) Grand Alliance formed

  11. Digital HDTV • 1996 (Dec 26) FCC accepts Grand Alliance Proposal of the Advanced Televisions Systems Committee ATSC • 1999 first DHDTV broadcasts

  12. Digital HDTV lines hpix aspect frames frame rate ratio 720 1280 16/9 progressive 24, 30 or 60 1080 1920 16/9 interlaced 60 1080 1920 16/9 progressive 24, 30 • MPEG video compression • Dolby AC-3 audio compression

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