OPTIMA: optimization for sustainable water resources management INCO-MPC 2004 - 2007

1. OPTIMA:optimization for sustainable water resources managementINCO-MPC 2004 - 2007 DDr. Kurt Fedra ESS GmbH, Austria kurt@ess.co.at http://www.ess.co.at Environmental Software & Services A-2352 Gumpoldskirchen

2. http://www.ess.co.at/OPTIMA

3. OPTIMA OBJECTIVE A structured approach to water resources management tested in several parallel case studies with a shared set of tools and methods: • Identifying issues, criteria, objectives • Involving stakeholders, end users Modeling and optimization: design and select alternative, better (efficient, equitable, sustainable) IWRM strategies • Comparative analysis of solutions, generic policy lessons

4. Water Resources Management Problems Problems: • Not enough, too much, • Wrong time and place • Insufficient quality Information requirements: • How much water will be available where, to whom, when, of which quality, at which cost ?

5. River basin scale perspectiveEU Directive 2000/60/EC Basic principle: Conservation laws (mass, energy) are used to describe dynamic water budgets. Basic unit:hydrographic catchment or river basin, water year. Basic concepts: • Efficiency, cost accounting • Equity (environment) • Sustainability

6. Water resource MC optimization Design or select policies to • Maximize the benefits • Minimize the costs Using multiple criteria in parallel: • physical/hydrological • monetary (socio-economic) • environmental Economic (participatory) approach: Assumes that (rational) individuals maximize welfare (individual and collective utility) as they conceive it, forward looking and consistently. G.Becker, 1993

7. Multi criteria optimization A participatory approach: • Identify stakeholder, actors and their perceptions of the problems (issues) • Compile data (physiographic, hydrologic, socio-economic reality check) • Model the system/problem, confirm the representation (criteria) with stakeholders • Generate feasible alternatives (that meet user defined constraints) by applying technical, regulatory, behavioural instruments • Identify acceptable compromise solutions

8. Multi criteria optimization

9. Multi criteria optimization

10. Multi criteria optimization • Model the behavior of the system (river basin) in sufficient detail (distributed, dynamic, non-linear) to include all important processes and represent major actors interests, generate meaningful (economic) criteria • Generate large sets of feasible alternatives that meet all a priori constraints (minimum or maximum allowable values for key criteria) • Select optimal (compromise) solution from the set of non-dominate feasible alternatives by trading off conflicting objectives with multiple criteria (of different units) simultaneously.

11. Multi criteria optimization: • Model the behavior of the system (river basin) in sufficient detail (distributed, dynamic, non-linear) to generate meaningful criteria: dynamic topological (network) water resources model with daily time-step, coupled water quality model

12. A topological model: nodes and reaches A river basin is represented as a set of nodes and reaches connecting them. NODES produce, consume, store, and change water quality; REACHES transport it between nodes AQUIFERS underlying the network • Coststo supply water, damages, shortfall • Benefitsfrom satisfied demand, compliance

13. Gediz River Basin:

15. Benefits and Costs Direct monetary: • Investment, operations, damage, producer benefits (irrigation) Non-monetary: based on (contingent) valuation (hypothetical markets): • Shortfall costs, penalties, benefits of compliance (in stream use, environmental use)

19. Optimization: STEP 1 CONSTRAINTS: Specify an acceptable system performance in terms of lower and upper bounds of criteria: • Minimum amount of water available • Maximum costs acceptable • Minimum Benefits expected

20. Water resources systems optimization: Definition of optimality: • Acceptability, satisficing • Requires a participatory approach: • Identification and involvement of major actors, stakeholders • Shared information basis • Easy access, intuitive understanding • Web based, local workshops

21. Water resources systems optimization: Acceptability, satisficing: Easier for stakeholders to define several fixed targets as constraints than multiple objectives and trade offs, weights, preferences, etc.  Facilitate participation.

22. System performance criteria: • Supply/Demand, availability • Reliability of Supply (%) • Efficiencies (water, economic) • Sustainability (content change) • Water quality • Costs and benefits • Equity (sectoral criteria)

23. Optimization STEP 1: CONSTRAINTS: GLOBAL: apply to some general, aggregate measure for the entire basin SECTORAL: apply to a sector like agriculture industry, domestic, environment only LOCAL (node specific): At LOCATION node FROM day – TO day CONCEPT (flow, cost, benefit, ratio) Must be between MIN – MAX

24. Optimization STEP 1: INSTRUMENTS: Generic water technologies data base, adapted to the case, for different NODE types (demand, start, reservoir, diversion): • Costs (investment, operation), efficiencies (affect: demand, losses, consumptive use) • Minimum and maximum application rates, or on/off (reservoirs) • A priori application probability

31. Optimization STEP 1: DISCRETE MULTI CRITERIA Direct stakeholder involvement: • Add or delete criteria • Introduce (secondary) constraints • Change the reference point: default is UTOPIA

33. Decision Support (multi-attribute) Reference point approach: utopia A4 efficient point A5 A2 criterion 2 A6 A1 dominated A3 better nadir criterion 1

35. http://www.ess.co.at/OPTIMA