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Temperature scale

Temperature scale. Titan. Superfluid He. Ultracold atomic gases. When confinement is present only certain modes are allowed, i.e., certain energies (levels). Quantum mechanics in action. 1) Particle-Wave duality. de Broglie wave-length (de Broglie 1923). momentum. Planck constant (1900).

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Temperature scale

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  1. Temperature scale Titan Superfluid He Ultracold atomic gases

  2. When confinement is present only certain modes are allowed, i.e., certain energies (levels). Quantum mechanics in action 1) Particle-Wave duality de Broglie wave-length (de Broglie 1923) momentum Planck constant (1900)

  3. Bose-Einstein statistics (1924) Fermi-Dirac statistics (1926) 2) Quantum Statistics: bosons and fermions “Bosonslike staying together, i.e., in the same state” “Fermions dislike staying together, i.e., in the same state” Dilute gases: 1995, JILA, MIT Dilutegases: 1999, JILA

  4. New state of matter… W. Ketterle

  5. One of the first BEC images (JILA 1995) Below a certain temperature a macroscopic atomic fraction occupies the lowest energy state

  6. thermal both thermal and BEC only thermal only BEC Temperature measured thruogh thermal component tails

  7. Physics Nobel Prizes 2001 1997

  8. Optical Lattices Periodic potential via the dipoleforce Laser standing wave 1D (optical) lattice 1D dynamics, (Fermi/Bose) Hubbard model description, Mott insulating phase…

  9. Deeper (3D) optical lattices: quantum phase transition from superfluid to Mott insulator (I. Bloch et al., Nature 2002) Atoms move around, delocalized on many lattice site Incresing the lattice strength Atoms are localized on a single lattice site

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