Agenda

1. Agenda • Översikt diskursanalys • Etnometodologi • Analytisk bracketing • Diskursanalys á la Potter & Wetherell • Vad och hur • Trovärdighet • Uppgifterna

2. Etnometodologi • Utgå från aktörerna • Hur konstrueras verkligheten? • Att studera etnometoder • Livsvärldens självklarhet • Ett liv i god tro • Det vi ”ser utan att märka”

3. A short, stout man entered the house, kissed me on the cheek and asked “How was school?” I answered politely. He walked into the kitchen, kissed the younger of the two women and said hello to the other. The younger woman asked me, “What do you want for dinner honey” I answered, “Nothing.” She shrugged her shoulders and said no more. The older woman shuffled around the kitchen muttering. The man washed his hands, sat down at the table and picked up the paper. He read until the two women had finished putting the food on the table. The three sat down. They exchanged idle chatter about the day’s events. The older woman said something in a foreign language which made the others laugh. (Garfinkel 1967: 44)

4. Case 3 On Friday night my husband and I were watching television. My husband remarked that he was tired. I asked ‘How are you tired? Physically, mentally or just bored?’ S: I don’t know, I guess physically, mainly. E: You mean that your muscles ache or your bones? S: I guess so. Don’t be so technical. (After more watching) S: All these old movies have the same kind of old iron bedstead in them. E: What do you mean? Do you mean all old movies, or some of them, or just the ones you have seen? S: What’s the matter with you? You know what I mean. E: I wish you would be more specific. S: You know what I mean! Drop dead! (Garfinkel 1967: 42)

5. Case 1 The subject was telling the experimenter, a member of the subject’s car pool, about having had a flat tire while going to work the previous day. S: I had a flat tire. E: What do you mean, you had a flat tire? She appeared momentarily stunned. Then she answered in a hostile way: ‘What do you mean? What do you mean? A flat tire is a flat tire. That is what I meant. Nothing special. What a crazy question!’ (Garfinkel 1963: 221-222)

6. Case 6 The victim waved his had cheerily. S: How are you? E: How am I in regard to what? My health, my finance, my school work, my peace of mind, my… S: (Red in the face and suddenly out of control.) Look! I was just trying to be polite. Frankly, I don’t give a damn how you are. (Garfinkel 1963: 221-222)

7. Etnometodologi (metod) • Hur konstrueras verkligheten? • Att fascineras av vardagen • Members’ skillful practices • Företrädesvis in situ och naturligt förekommande prat • Fenomenologisk bracketing

8. Etnografi • Naturlig miljö • Aktörernas berättelse • Att vara där • Informanter • “Thick description”

9. Etnografi Vad-frågor Aktörernas berättelser Kunskap genom närhet Mycket empiri Naturligt förekommande data och intervjuer Deltagarnas prat som information Etnometodologi Hur-frågor Aktörernas metoder Kunskap genom distans Lite empiri Naturligt förekommande data Deltagarns prat som undersökningsobjekt

10. 1 P: found out I was [posi- positive I was going to die.= 2 C: [Ri:ght. 3 P: =Because I wouldn’t lie to (them) because I heard 4 about er oh a thing .h where: i-uh: some Frenchman 5 (0.4) er left a note to-to- to his boyfriend the 6 following morning that .hhh er: wu- welcome to the: 7 to the ai:ds uh:m (0.5) virus. 8 =An[d this chap went ba:ck .h and found= 9 C: [Right. 10 P: =that this chap had infected him. (Silverman 1997: 20)

11. Diskursanalys • Discursive psychology • Studier av muntlig interaktion och skrivna texter • Språket är ett medium för interaktion • Handlingsorientering innebär variation • Fokus på detaljer som tolkas i förhållande till det lokala sammanhanget • Man intresserar sig dels för vilka språkliga resurser som används av en viss grupp människor, dels för hur dessa resurser används för att konstruera och göra en viss version av verkligheten rimlig

12. Vad • Innehållet i diskurserna • Analyserar framför allt intervjuer • Riktlinjer: upprepad läsning, sortera efter teman, sökande efter systematisk variation

13. Hur • Hur olika versioner konstrueras • Analyserar framför allt naturligt förekommande data • Nyckelord: funktion, variation, retorisk organisation och fakticitet

14. Trovärdighet • Utförlighet: • Metoderna beskrivs noggrant • Relativt långa utdrag ur det empiriska materialet redovisas • Utdrag och tolkningar presenteras sida vid sida • Potter & Wetherell: • ”Deviant cases” • Deltagarna orienterar sig • Andra studier • Sandberg (2005): • Communicative validity • Pragmatic validity • Reliability as interpretive awareness