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Global Water Cycle (Water fluxes in 1000 km 3 /yr)

Global Water Cycle (Water fluxes in 1000 km 3 /yr). Latitudinal Trends in Global P and E. Equilibrium Fractionation between Water Vapor and Liquid. Temperature Dependence of Equilibrium Fractionation for Water Phases. e (‰) d 18 O. e (‰) d D. α = R(liq) / R(gas).

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Global Water Cycle (Water fluxes in 1000 km 3 /yr)

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  1. Global Water Cycle(Water fluxes in 1000 km3/yr)

  2. Latitudinal Trends in Global P and E

  3. Equilibrium Fractionation between Water Vapor and Liquid

  4. Temperature Dependence of Equilibrium Fractionationfor Water Phases e (‰) d18O e (‰) dD α = R(liq) / R(gas)

  5. Rayleigh Distillation Predictiond18O vs Temp d18O = -5 ‰ dD = -32 ‰ d18O = -2 ‰ dD = -7 ‰

  6. d18O vs Temperature for Precipitation d18O (‰)

  7. dD vs d18O for Global Precipitation d18O (‰) dD (‰)

  8. dD of Precipitation Globally dD of Precipitation in N. America

  9. d18O Precipitation vs Altitude

  10. d18O of Precip vs Distance from Coast

  11. Seasonality of d18O of Precipitation

  12. Deviations from MWL • Although global pattern of d18O and dD of precipitation follows MWL, there can be significant deviations. • Mainly in arid regions, where evaporation is important. • Use Deuterium Excess to quantify departure from MWL. • Implication is that evaporation can play a significant role in the isotopic composition of precipitation by imposing kinetic, rather than equilibrium, isotope effects.

  13. dD vs d18O in Arid Regions Rio Grande (Southwest US) and Darling (Central Australia) In arid regions, dD vs d18O slope is significantly less than 8 of MWL.

  14. d18O of Precip at Tropical Sites with Seasonal Cycle in Humidity

  15. Deuterium Excess d-excess (‰) = dD (‰) – 8* d18O (‰) d-excess of MWL = 10 (‰) Prediction: d-excess depends on Relative Humidity

  16. Effect of humidity on dD vs d18O slope MWL Lakes W. Washington Lakes E. Washington

  17. Isotopic Signatures of the Global Water Cycle

  18. Air-Sea Transfer of Water Vapor

  19. d18O versus Borehole Paleothermometrya controversy in Greenland Ice Cores (DTemp/Dd18O= 1.5 ºC / ‰) Current Precipitation DTemp/Dd18O= 3 ºC / ‰ Borehole Temps Climate scientists favor the borehole temperature changes.

  20. Greenland Ice Core d18O and Temperature Record Using borehole temperature vs d18O calibration

  21. Antarctic Ice Core Record of dD and Implied Temperature

  22. SeasonalRecords of d18O and dD in Precipitation Temp d18O dD

  23. d18O and dD as a Water Source Tracer in Steams and Rivers dD (‰) Five European Rivers d18O (‰) 22 = Rhine River

  24. d18O and dD in US Rivers Missouri R. Mississippi R. L Meramac R.?

  25. d18O and dD as a Water Source Tracer in Rivers

  26. d-excess of US Rivers

  27. d18O in Ground Waters

  28. d18O and dD as Groundwater Tracers in Arid Regions

  29. Surface Ocean d18O (‰ vs SMOW) (LeGrande, GRL 2006)

  30. Surface Salinity

  31. d18O vs Salinity

  32. d18O in the Deep Atlantic Ocean

  33. dD of Seawater in the Deep Sea

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