Module 1

1. MJ Comprehensive Science 3 Study Guide Module 1

2. 1.02: What is and is Not Science

3. Examples of Science Biologyis the field of science that is dedicated to the study of living things. This includes all kinds of living things like plants, animals, bacteria, mold, fungus, and humans! Biology often involves chemistry. Biology Chemistry! Astronomy Chemistry is a science that includes the study of atoms, energy exchange, the reactions and interactions between elements and compounds, and the laws that describe these interactions. Other areas of science like biology and physics also involve chemistry. Astronomy is the study of the cosmos. This includes the universe, stars, galaxies, black holes, planets, and more! Astronomy often includes other sciences like physics and chemistry.

4. Pseudoscience(The IS NOT of Science) Did you know?... “Pseudo” means fake? Pseudoscience: Practice or belief that claims to be science but does not follow the scientific method, peer reviews, and/or experimentations Examples of Pseudoscience: Superstition- That feeling you will win!, Even if you never won before! You believe you will be lucky this time. Or… You will get bad luck if you break a mirror. Science can never prove that is actually true. Astrology – The fortune cookies and the stars cannot tell you what your future holds, sorry. This is a method that cannot be proven by science. Guess you will just have to keep working hard and wait and see what the future holds 

5. 1.03: Scientific Method • The scientific method is the process that scientist follow in order to gather information and they draw conclusions from this information. • Observe something is happening • Create a question or hypothesis • Complete an experiment • All experiments should have a variable and a constant • Analyze and Conclude your findings • Reset the experiment There are only 5 major steps!

6. Steps to the Scientific Method

7. 1.03 Scientific Method To conduct a perfect experiment you have to control the environment! During an experiment you have to set up a variable and a constant. • Variables- are things that the scientist purposefully change. • Constants are things that the scientist keeps unchanged. This allows the scientists to see what is actually changing and come to an appropriate conclusion.

8. 1.04: Scientific Law & Theories It is important to remember that Scientific theories do not become laws. Theories are always changing and can never be proven. Laws have always existed and just are.

9. 1.05: The Metric System The metric system is important because: Different parts of machines manufactured in different countries must fit together. It gives one standard measuring system for the world. It provides a common measuring system for the world and it is very easy to use. It makes conversions easy. Medical records for people must be in a measurement that the rest of the world understands. The metric system is a decimal system. Since there are no fractions, doing math with the decimal system is easier. Airplane pilots from different countries need to talk about the same distance to avoid a crash.

10. 1.05 The Metric System Below are the Standard SI Unit of measure for each measurement type: (ft) (m) (N) (lbs) (Kg) (gal) (L) (K) (F) (C) Myth! The Standard SI Unit of measure for Mass is Kilogram not gram! The prefix “kilo” is the unit size and “gram” is the base or “root” word not the standard unit of measure.

11. How do you use the “ladder” method? 1st – Determine your starting point. 2nd – Count the “jumps” to your ending point. 3rd – Move the decimal the same number of jumps in the same direction. 1.05 The Metric System Ladder Method Smaller unit = larger number Larger unit = smaller number

12. Let’s Convert in Metric A great way to remember the system is: “King Henry Died By Drinking Chocolate Milk” Kilo HectoDecaBase DeciCentiMilli Remember B is the base! Like Liters, Meters, and grams Example: So let’s say we wanted to convert 5 cm to km. We would need to move the decimal left from Centi to Kilo K H Da B D C M 5 cm = .00005 km 5. cm 0 0 0 0 Check out this video to see the conversions in action: http://screencast.com/t/2W8Dpr75MnK

13. 1.06: Science and Models Physical Models Physical models help us to have a three dimensional view of a scientific idea. Think of them as a prototype for things we cannot see fully with the naked eye. • Examples: Solar System Globe Human Skeleton

14. 1.06 Science and Models Computer Models Computer models take lots of data and organize it in a way that aids in interpreting the data quickly and efficiently. Simulators are important because they allow scientists to predict unknowns such as: • predict the weather of certain areas • predict the effects of things like global warming • predict where oil is located in the earth • aid in predicting extreme weather patterns. These predications allow local authorities to issue evacuations, which save lives.

15. Let’s Review Module 1 Can you discuss the following: • The difference between science and pseudoscience • The scientific method • The difference between theories and laws • The metric system and metric conversions • How models are used in science • How science can be used to make decisions in our society

16. Module Vocabulary Words • Atomic Theory • Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion • Law of Universal Gravitation • Law of Conservation of Mass • Theory of Evolution • The Big Bang Theory • Pseudoscience (with examples of) • Science (with examples of) • Scientific Method (with steps) • Constant • Variable • Scientific Theory • Scientific Law • Standard SI Units of measure (used with the metric system) • Scientific Model (physical and computer)