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Coral Genomics Group, Queensland, Australia

1) more individuals are born than survive. Coral Genomics Group, Queensland, Australia. 2) different individuals have different features, and some of those features are passed on to the next generation (i.e. the variation is genetically heritable). Sagittaria latifolia (AKA “duck

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Coral Genomics Group, Queensland, Australia

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  1. 1) more individuals are born than survive Coral Genomics Group, Queensland, Australia

  2. 2) different individuals have different features, and some of those features are passed on to the next generation (i.e. the variation is genetically heritable) Sagittaria latifolia (AKA “duck potato”) Spencer C. H. Barrett Nature Reviews Genetics 3; 274-284 (2002)THE EVOLUTION OF PLANT SEXUAL DIVERSITY

  3. 3) some of these features will help in survival (or reproduction), so those individuals that have this feature will end up having more offspring than those individuals that don’t Favored in habitats that don’t last long (temporary wetlands) Favored in habitats that are mainly permanent (stable wetlands)

  4. 4) eventually, every individual in this population will have this feature. The population has now “evolved” (changed) temporary wetland permanent wetland

  5. oldest known evidence of life is over 3 billion years old! much of this evidence is from… blue green algae (Cyanobacteria) Photo by J.W. Schopf Gloeocapsa (modern) Myxococcoides (850 million years old) http://coop.bio.ncue.edu.tw/aqua/ algae/ white/cyano/gloeo-kutzing.htm

  6. the radioactive decay rate of isotopes is used to determine the age of fossils and rocks Radioactive “parent” isotope (atom) Half-life Stable “daughter” isotope (atom) Carbon-14 5730 years Nitrogen-14 Potassium-40 1.3 billion years Argon-40 Rubidium-87 48 billion years Strontium-87 Uranium-235 700 million years Lead-207 Uranium-238 4.5 billion years Lead-206

  7. The “universal” tree from the Sogin Lab, Woods Hole, MA

  8. among the earliest animal fossils (about 510 million years old) Bolinopsis – a modern- day comb jelly Fasciculus – a fossil comb jelly Morris SC, Collins DH. 1996. Middle cambrian ctenophores from the Stephen Formation, British Columbia, CanadaPHILOS T ROY SOC B 351 (1337): 279-308 http://www.jelliezone.com

  9. two arthropods, one from over 500 million years ago, one alive today photo by George Brooks Acadoparadoxides briaraeus (a trilobite) Sphaeroma quoyanum (an isopod crustacean) courtesy of The Paleo Project (“House of Phacops”)

  10. great great great great great great great…..grandma (and one of her descendants) http://www.carleton.ca/~tpatters/teaching/ intro/cambrian/cambrianex32.html http://www.dc.peachnet.edu/~pgore/ geology/geo102/burgess/burgess.htm Pikaia, a535 million year old chordate (left: actual fossil; right: cartoon) Amphioxus, a modern-day “cephalochordate” Evo-Devo Research Group, U of Oxford

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