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Theory (Principles of treatments)

Theory (Principles of treatments). Root cause (ben) and manifestations (biao) Zhengqi and Xieqi Cause and symptoms Primary and secondary Internal and external Root and Manifestation of Disease Principle: For acute disorders treat the manifestations first.

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Theory (Principles of treatments)

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  1. Theory (Principles of treatments) • Root cause (ben) and manifestations (biao) • Zhengqi and Xieqi • Cause and symptoms • Primary and secondary • Internal and external • Root and Manifestation of Disease • Principle: • For acute disorders treat the manifestations first. • For chronic disorders treat the root. • Simultaneous treatment of the root and manifestation.

  2. Theory (Principles of treatments) • Normal (zheng) and Contrary (fan) treatment • Normal treatment • Contrary treatment • False or misleading symptoms • Blockage is treated by blocking (sai yin sai yong) • Too much flow is treated by facilitating flow

  3. Theory (Principles of treatments) • Different treatments for the same disease. Same treatment for different disease. • Treating disease according to the Season, Environment and Individual.

  4. Traditional eight strategies • 1. Sweating (han fa) • 2. Vomiting (tu fa) • 3. Draining Downward (xia fa) • 4. Harmonizing (he fa) • 5. Warming (wen fa) • 6. Clearing (qing fa) • 7. Reducing (xiao fa) • 8. Tonifying (bu fa)

  5. Traditional eight strategies • 1. Sweating (han fa) • Exterior excess conditions • Measles and rashes • Acute edema • Wind-dampness caused pain

  6. Traditional eight strategies • 2. Vomiting (tu fa) • Phlegm in the throat • Phlegm in the chest • Food stagnation • Ingestion of poisons

  7. Traditional eight strategies • 4. Harmonizing (he fa) • Harmonize the functions of different levels or organs • Lesser yang disorders

  8. Categories • 1. Release the exterior (jie biao ji) • 2. Clear heat (qing re ji) • 3. Drain downward (xie xia ji) • 4. Harmonize (he jie ji) • 5. Treat dryness (zhi zao ji) • 6. Expel dampness (qu shi ji) • 7. Warm interior cold (wen li ji) • 8. Tonify (bu yi ji) • 9. Regulate qi (li qi ji) • 10. Invigorate the blood (huo xue ji) • 11. Stop bleeding (zhi xue ji) • 12. Stabilize and bind (gu se ji) • 13. Calm the spirit (an shen ji) • 14. Expel wind (qu feng ji) • 15. Open the orifice (kai qiao ji) • 16. Treat phlegm (qu tan ji) • 17. Reduce food stagnation (xiao dao ji) • 18. Expel parasites (qu chong ji)

  9. Traditional eight strategies • 7. Reducing (xiao fa) • Gradually reduces or eliminates clumping or accumulation due to stagnation

  10. Hierarchy of ingredients • Chief (Monarch, King or emperor): • The ingredient is directed against, and has the greatest effect upon, the principal pattern or diseases • It is absolutely indispensable to the formula • Deputy (Minister, associate): • Aids the chief ingredient in treating the principal pattern or disease • Serves as the main ingredient directed against a coexisting pattern or disease • Assistant (adjutant): • Reinforce the effect of the chief or deputy ingredients, or directly treats a less important aspects of the pattern or disease– helpful assistant (zuo zhu) • Moderates or eliminates the toxicity of the chief or deputy ingredients, or moderates their harsh properties—corrective assistant (zuo zhi) • Has an effect that is opposite that of the chief ingredient and is used in very serious and complex disorders—opposing assistant (zuo fan) • Envoy (messenger, guide, conductant): • Focuses the actions of the formula on a certain channel or area of the body (yin jing yao) • Harmonizes and integrates the actions of the other ingredients (tiao he yao)

  11. Modifications in composition • Modification of dosage • Xiao cheng qi tang and hou po si wu tang • Si ni tang and tong mai si ni tang • Modification of the ingredients • The primary action and chief ingredient do not change, Minor ingredients are added or subtracted, gui zhi tang and gui zhi jia hou po xing zi tang • The chief ingredient remains the same, other ingredients are changed, the action of the formulas is also changed, zuo jin wan and jiao tai wan • An alteration in the ingredients changes the formula so fundamentally that its character, hierarchy and actions are completely different. ma huang tang and ma xing shi gan tang • Modification of the form of administration

  12. Methods of delivery • Decoctions (tang) • Container for decoction • earthenware • Process of decoction • Herbs needing special decoction • Decocted first (xian jian): fu zi, shi jue ming, long gu, bie jia • Added near end (hou xia): bo he, sha ren, huo xiang, pei lan • Decocted in gauze (bao jian): xuan fu huan, che qian zi, chi shi zhi • Separately decocted or simmered (ling jian or ling dun): ren shen, xi yang shen, lu rong • Dissolved in the strained decoction (rong hua or yang hua): e jiao, yi tang • Taken with the strained decoction (chong fu): chuan bei mu, san qi, zhu li, niu huang • Pills (wan) • Powders (san) • Special or vermillion pills (dan) • Syrups (tang jiang, gao) • Plasters (gao yao) • Medical Wines (jiu)

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