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U.S. Census Bureau

U.S. Census Bureau. Foreign Trade Division Understanding Foreign Trade Data May 16, 2007. U.S. Census Bureau. Overview of Imports and Exports Carol Aristone Commodity Analysis Branch Carol.Ann.Aristone@census.gov. What do the statistics measure? . The physical movement of goods between:

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U.S. Census Bureau

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  1. U.S. Census Bureau Foreign Trade Division Understanding Foreign Trade Data May 16, 2007

  2. U.S. Census Bureau Overview of Imports and Exports Carol Aristone Commodity Analysis Branch Carol.Ann.Aristone@census.gov

  3. What do the statistics measure? • The physical movement of goods between: • United States, Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands • Foreign countries.

  4. Coverage • Movement of goods into & out of: • U.S. Customs Territory • U.S. Virgin Islands • Bonded Warehouses • Foreign Trade Zones (FTZs)

  5. Coverage • Goods not included: • U.S. trade with U.S. territories • Trade between U.S. territories • Trade between foreign countries and U.S. territories (other than PR and VI) • In transit merchandise through the U.S.

  6. What’s not Covered in Statistics? • Monetary gold & silver • U.S. government to U. S. government • Imports of articles repaired under warranty • Intangibles • Personal and household effects • Low valued transactions • Consult the Guide to Foreign Trade Statistics

  7. The Harmonized System (HS) Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the U.S. Annotated for Statistical Reporting Purposes (HTSUSA) Statistical Classification of Domestic and Foreign Commodities Exported from the U.S. (Schedule B)

  8. The HS System 17,000+ HTSUSA & 8,000+ Schedule B codes • Periodically revised • Structure: • 2 digit Chapter • 4 digit Heading • 6 digit sub heading • 8 digit legal • 10 digit statistical

  9. The HS System

  10. The HS System

  11. What is the difference? Export codes (Schedule B) are maintained by the U.S. Census Bureau. Import codes are administered by the U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC). Import Codes CAN be used to classify Exports, but Exports codes CAN NOT be used to classify goods for import (Imports has a lot more detail!!)

  12. Changes to the HTSUSA & Schedule B Changesoccur three different ways: • WCO changes affect the HS (4 or 6 digit) level • Legislation – affects the legal (8-digit) level • Imports only • 484(f) committee – affects the statistical (10-digit) level

  13. Partner Country • Exports – Country of Ultimate Destination • Imports – Country of Origin • Where goods are grown, mined or manufactured • Use country of shipment if origin unknown for re-imports

  14. Exports

  15. Related vs. Non-related • Statistics cover the physical movement of goods, regardless of if item is sold • When a U.S. manufacturer exports merchandise to their company in France or to a non-related purchaser in Russia, both are counted as trade

  16. Valuation • F.A.S. Export Value (free alongside ship) • Value of export at port based on transaction price, including inland freight, insurance other charges incurred (before loaded) • Excludes international freight, cost of loading merchandise and any other charges/costs beyond port of export

  17. Leases • If merchandise exported for <12 months • Non-stat • Consignment - Temp. lease with option to buy • Stat • Examples: artwork or aircraft

  18. Repairs – Exports • Exporting items for repair • Report Ch. 1-97 HS number of item • Non-stat • AES exemption code TR (temporary export for repair) • Exporting items repaired in U.S. • Report HS 9801 and value of repair

  19. Imports

  20. Foreign Trade Zones – Imports • Duties not required until goods withdrawn for consumption • Importer has choice to pay at the rate of the original foreign materials or the finished product • Can result in $3,000 new car

  21. Bonded Warehouses – Imports • Duty payment deferred • No duty if re-exported to foreign countries

  22. General vs. Consumption General Imports – measures flow of goods across U.S. border • Imports for direct consumption • Bonded warehouse entries and FTZ admissions • Most widely used measure of imports

  23. General vs. Consumption (cont.) Imports for Consumption – goods cleared through Customs • Imports for direct consumption • Bonded warehouse and FTZ withdrawals

  24. Valuation • Customs Value • Generally, price actually paid excluding: • Duties • Freight • Insurance and other charges • Relationship b/w parties should not influence value

  25. Valuation (cont.) • CIF (cost, insurance, freight) • CIF = Customs Value + Import Charges • Excludes U.S. import duties

  26. Valuation (cont.) • Dutiable Value • Customs value of foreign goods subject to duty • Where merchandise is a combination of U.S. and foreign goods, duty is applied only to the foreign value added

  27. Valuation (cont.) • To determine the dutiable value of a combination of U.S. and foreign goods: • Example: 9802 provision • U.S. value is included in statistics • Value is total of domestic + foreign values • U.S. Goods indicators show that a portion of the import is domestic materials • Publication IM146A

  28. Valuation (cont.) • Duty • Collected by CBP • Reported on the Automated Commercial System (ACS) • FTD generally uses duty as reported on ACS

  29. Country Sub-Codes (CSC) • Indicates a special program allowing for free or reduced duty • Examples: GSP, US-Chile Free Trade Agreement, NAFTA • CSC used: • 00 = no special programs claimed • CA = Goods marked for Canada (NAFTA) • MX = Goods marked for Mexico (NAFTA) • Full list available on our website

  30. Rate Provision (RP) codes • RP codes indicate free or dutiable status • Used in conjunction with goods imported using Ch. 98 or 99 code • RP code can relate back to Ch. 98 or 99 • Assigned by FTD

  31. Rate Provisions (cont.) • Examples of RP codes: • RP 17 = Free as articles imported for the handicapped. Imported under HTS subheadings 9817.00.92, 9817.00.94 & 9817.00.96 • RP 69 = Dutiable at rate prescribed in Rate of Duty columns of HTS Ch. 99. Duty reported • Full list available on our website

  32. Special Provisions • Chapter 98 & 99 for National use • Ch 98 - duty free/reduction • Ch 99 - legislation, executive and administrative actions

  33. Special Provisions (cont.) • 9801 - U.S. goods exported and returned not advanced or improved • U.S. origin • Previously exported from U.S.

  34. Special Provisions (cont.) • 9802 – Goods with components of U.S. origin • U.S. goods assembled abroad • Importers deduct value of U.S. goods from total Customs value

  35. Dual Reporting of Codes Report 10-digit statistical reporting number • Chapter 1-97 Followed by special provision • Chapter 98 UQ from Ch 1-97

  36. Dual Reporting of Codes 9817.85.01 • Prototypes for development, testing, evaluation • Free 8422.11.0000 • Dishwasher, household • 2.4% 8422.19.0000 • Dishwasher, other • Free

  37. Special Provisions (cont.) • Chapter 99 • Quotas • Additional duties • Temporary reductions

  38. Dual Reporting of Codes • Footnote 189 - See headings 9902.01.19, 9902.02.12, 9902.12.54, etc. • Reduced or duty free rates • 9902.01.19 Vinclozolin • Report 9902.01.19 - 2934.99.1200

  39. Repairs – Imports • Importing repaired item • Report Ch. 98 number and value of repair • If under warranty – non-stat • If Non-warranty – stat • Also report Ch. 1-97 HS in order to determine duty • Importing item for repair • Temporary imports

  40. Internet References • FTD • http://www.census.gov/trade • Guide to Foreign Trade Statistics • http://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/guide/index.html

  41. Internet References (con.) • Schedule B • http://www.census.gov/scheduleb • HTSUSA • http://www.usitc.gov/tata/hts/bychapter/index.htm

  42. Internet References (con.) • CSC • http://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/reference/codes/csc.html • RP • http://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/reference/codes/rp.html

  43. Any Questions?

  44. Processing and Editing May 16, 2007 Andrew Jennings Methods Research and Quality Assurance Andrew.S.Jennings@census.gov

  45. Introduction • The Foreign Trade Division processes over 6 million import and export transactions a month • Publish the official merchandise trade statistics on a monthly basis • Ensure that published statistics are accurate • Published data may appear different than what can be seen on the electronic systems

  46. Outline • Sources of Data • Processing • Data Categories • Differences

  47. Sources of Import Data • Imports • The Automated Commercial System (ACS) • Automated Foreign Trade Zones (AFTZ) • Paper Documents • Canadian Gas and Electricity • Estimates

  48. Sources of Import Data • Source Percent of Number of • Value Records • ACS 88 3,800k • AFTZ 7 100k • Canada 2 0.05k • Paper Documents 1 7k • CF-7051 and CF-214 • Estimates 1 0.2k • Totals 3.9 million

  49. Sources of Export Data • Exports • Automated Export System (AES) • Canadian Data Exchange • Shippers Export Declarations (SED) • Estimates

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