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XVII. Closed End Mutual Funds. Total Assets (Millions). $118,793 $113,285 $135,668 $142,299 $148,981 $152,962
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Total Assets (Millions) • $118,793 • $113,285 • $135,668 • $142,299 • $148,981 • $152,962 • $142,807 • $136,882 • $139,702 • $156,394 5 Yr Annual Growth 0.98% 5 Yr Annual Growth in Domestic Stock 3.65%
UNREALIZED CAPITAL GAINS MANAGEMENT FEES TRANSACTION COSTS POOR MANAGEMENT PERFORMANCE DIFFERENCES IN SYSTEMATIC RISK SMALL INVESTOR SENTIMENT
Chopra, N., Lee, C., Shleifer, A., and Thaler, R.H. 1993. “Yes, Discounts on Closed-End Funds are a Sentiment Index.” Journal of Finance 48 (June): 801-808. • Chopra, N., Lee, C., Shleifer, A., and Thaler, R.H. 1993. “Summing Up.” Journal of Finance 48 (June): 811-812. • Lee, C., Shleifer, A., and Thaler, R.H. 1991. “Investor Sentiment and the Closed-End Fund Puzzle.” Journal of Finance 46 (March): 75-110.
SMALL INVESTOR SENTIMENT STORY • SMALL INVESTORS INTRODUCE ADDED RISK TO STOCKS THEY OWN. THIS BECOMES SYSTEMATIC FOR SECURITIES THEY OWN. • PARTICULARLY IMPORTANT FOR CLOSED END FUNDS BECAUSE THEY ARE OWNED BY SMALL INVESTORS. • DISCOUNT AND CHANGES IN DISCOUNT ARE CAUSED BY SMALL INVESTOR SENTIMENT. • CHANGES IN DISCOUNT CAN BE USED TO MEASURE SMALL SENTIMENT RISK. • CLOSED END FUNDS SELL AT A DISCOUNT BECAUSE THEY ARE SUBJECT TO HIGH SMALL INVESTOR SENTIMENT RISK.
SENTIMENT AND THE RETURN GENERATING PROCESS SENTIMENT AND EXPECTED RETURNS DISCOUNTS ON CLOSED END FUNDS AND EXPECTED RETURNS
Base RGP Four Index Model
For each fund No funds first 6 months of existence
CANDIDATES FOR ADDITION TO 1 INDEX AND 4 INDEX MODEL • CLOSED END FUND CHANGE IN DISCOUNT • FOUR DIFFERENT INDUSTRY SAMPLES CHANGE IN DISCOUNT (LARGEST INDUSTRIES WITH ONLY FIRMS WITH HIGHEST INSTITUTIONAL OWNERSHIP) • CLOSED END FUNDS RETURNS • FOUR INDUSTRY RETURNS
RETURN GENERATING PROCESS – SAMPLES • SECURITIES • 586 INDUSTRIAL STOCKS • 99 UTILITY STOCKS • PORTFOLIOS • 287 MUTUAL FUNDS • 10 SIZE PORTFOLIOS • 28 SIC INDUSTRIES
(3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
Average size of stocks held = 5,572 MIL Size of fund 343 MIL Market to book stocks held = 3.9 Market to book of funds = 0.9 95% payout for tax payers
CONCLUSIONS • CHANGES IN THE DISCOUNT OF CLOSED END MUTUAL FUNDS ARE NOT A SYSTEMATIC INFLUENCE THAT IMPACT THE RETURN OF SECURITIES OR PORTFOLIOS OF SECURITIES. • EITHER SMALL INVESTOR SENTIMENT IS NOT A SOURCE OF RISK OR THE CHANGE IN THE DISCOUNT ON CLOSED END FUNDS IS NOT RELATED TO SMALL INVESTOR SENTIMENT. • THE DISCOUNT ON CLOSED END FUNDS CANNOT BE EXPLAINED BY SMALL INVESTOR SENTIMENT. • THE DISCOUNT CAN BE EXPLAINED BY SOURCES OF RISK THAT ARE WELL ACCEPTED IN THE LITERATURE OF FINANCIAL ECONOMICS.