Active Shooter Incidents “What You Need to Know”

1. Washburn University Police Department Active Shooter Incidents“What You Need to Know”

2. Active Shooter Incident Incident in which there is the intentional random or systematic shooting of multiple victims in which the shooter’s intent is to continue the spree until stopped by law enforcement or suicide.

3. Active Shooter Defined • A suspect who is actively shooting, causing death and/or serious bodily injury. • Threat is not contained and there is immediate risk of death or injury.

4. Active Shooters • Desire to kill without concern for their safety or threat of capture • Normally has intended victims and will search them out • Accepts targets of opportunity while searching for or after intended targets

5. Active Shooters • Will continue to move throughout building or area until stopped by law enforcement, suicide, or other intervention. • Shooter usually acting out of frustration and rage. • Shooter is attempting to correct a perceived wrong against them. • This has necessitated a change in tactics by law enforcement.

6. What We Know About Active Shooters • 2002-2012 the FBI investigated 154 Active Shooter incidents involving 3 or more victims. • 51% of the shooters were dead before capture. 43% by suicide 8% were killed by police. • 45% of active shooters were arrested and 4% remain unidentified. • A clear motive was never established in 40% of the shootings. However, the most common motivations were found to be: 21% workplace retaliation, 14% domestic violence, 7% academic retaliation by a student.

7. What We Know About Active Shooters Cont. • The workplace is the most common place for active shooter violence at 37%. • Schools make up 17% of active shooter occurrences. • 96% of active shooters are male and act alone. • Active shooters are often social isolates, harbor feelings of hate and anger, some had contact with mental health professionals. Few have arrests for violent crimes.

8. Catalysts (Triggers) • Loss of significant relationships • Loss of employment • Change in financial status • Changes in living arrangements • Major adverse changes to life circumstances • Feelings of rejection or humiliation.

9. Stages Fantasy Stage - Dreaming/thinking about what he wants or would like to do. Wondering about what it would be like. Thinking about news headlines. Will even talk to friends and foes about what he would like to do and how he would do it.

10. Stages Planning Stage – Actively planning how he will carry out his thoughts. The who, what, when, where, and how of his plan. Will often talk about his plans and even write them down. Chooses a day for maximum affect in number of persons killed or injured.

11. Stages Preparation Stage – Begins to purchase items needed. Gathers guns and ammunition. May set up explosives in the school. May call friends and tell them not to go to class that day

12. Stages • Approach Stage - Actual movement towards the target. Has all weapons and tools with him. Chooses least used entrances. • Implementation – Carries out his plan, time for law enforcement intervention. Shooter will not stop on his own.

14. History Of School Related Shootings • Bath Township, Michigan • May 18th, 1927 • Suspect Andrew Kehoe • 41 People killed • 38 young children • Used bombs in attack on school • Remains the deadliest mass murder at a school in US history

15. History Of School Related Shootings • University of Texas Austin, Texas • August 1st, 1966 • Suspect Charles Wittman Jr. • Killed 16 and wounded 32 • Used campus bell tower as a sniper perch

16. History Of School Related Shootings • Jonesboro, Ark. • March 24th, 1998 • Andrew Golden Age 11 • Michael Johnson Age 13 • Killed 4 and wounded 10

17. History Of School Related Shootings • Columbine High School Littleton, CO • April 20th 1999 • Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold • Killed 12 and wounded 20+ • Used bombswhich were placed prior to the attack.

18. History Of School Related Shootings • University of Arizona Tucson, AZ • October 29th, 2002 • Suspect Robert Flores Jr. • Killed three professors

19. History Of School Related Shootings • Red Lake, MN • March 21st, 2005 • Jeffrey Weise 16 • Killed 7

20. History Of School Related Shootings • Nickel Mines, PA • October 2nd, 2006 • Killed 5 wounded 5 • One room school house

21. History Of School Related Shootings • Virginia Tech. Blacksburg, Va • April 16th, 2007 • Seung-Hui Cho • Killed 32 • Worst single act of gun violence in US history

22. History Of School Related Shootings • Shooting lasted 10 to 12 minutes • Fired at least 174 rounds • Police arrived in three minutes but could not make entry because of chained doors

23. History Of School Related Shootings • Dekalb, IL N. ILL. Univ. • Feb. 14th, 2008 • Steven Kazmierczak • Fired 50 + rounds into a lecture hall • Killed five people

24. History Of School Related Shootings Huntsville, Alabama, February 12, 2010: University of Alabama professor Amy Bishop killed three colleagues and wounded three others with a 9MM handgun at a faculty meeting. Bishop was upset over not being granted tenure. Bishop had previous acts of violence. She killed her brother in 1986 and was a suspect in a attempted pipe bombing directed at her lab supervisor in 1993.

25. History Of School Related Shootings Austin, Texas, September 28th 2010: University of Texas at Austin student Colton Tooley opens fire with an AK -47. No one was injured but Tooley committed suicide. Not considered a school shooting because no one was injured except the shooter.

26. History Of School Related Shootings Chardon, Ohio, February 27, 2012: Student, Thomas T.J. Lane killed three students and wounded two others in the cafeteria of Chardon High School with a 22 Cal handgun. He was arrested. Lane killed his ex-girlfriend’s boyfriend.

27. History Of School Related Shootings • Newtown, CT • December, 14th 2012 • Adam Lanza 20 years old • Killed 26 people • Shot through a glass door to make entry

28. What We Can Prepare Now • Review, update and validate all emergency and crisis management plans. • Coordinate response plans across all disciplines (police, fire, EMS, hospitals, school districts and private sector). • Conduct exercises of emergency and crisis management plans. • Raise awareness among employees and campus community by conducting awareness training. • Ensure the staff and faculty are aware of their roles and responsibilities during a crisis and exercise these responsibilities.

29. What We Can Do Long Term • Install secure locks on all external and internal doors and windows with quick releases. • Establish safe areas within the facility for assembly and refuge during crisis. • Establish communications system for notification.

30. Washburn Does Have: • A trained law enforcement presence and response capability • Agreements and procedures with local law enforcement • Camera surveillance systems • Campus emergency call boxes

31. Washburn Does Have • Solidly Constructed Facilities • Most buildings have multiple escape routes • Immediate campus-wide notification system (iAlert) • Online training resources

32. What should I do… • Stay Calm • If there is an escape route, try to evacuate. • Help others evacuate. • Call 911 when it’s safe to do so.

33. What should I do… • Lock the door. Pre-planning may be involved to make sure you know how. • Most classroom doors are solid core and many walls are block and brick. This may provide some protection. • Secure the immediate area. • Block doors using whatever is available…desks, file cabinets, other furniture • Assure others that you and Law Enforcement are working to protect them.

34. What should I do… • Doors, Windows, Openings, and Noise: • Close Blinds • Turn off interior lights • Block windows on door • Turn off radios and computer monitors, if possible • Silence cell phones • Keep occupants calm and quiet…create a sense that no one is inside • Be positioned out of sight and behind items that might offer additional protection AKA: Lockdown

35. Cover vs. Concealment Obscuring something from view or rendering it inconspicuous. (Useful) Anything which is capable of physically protecting you from enemy fire. (Priceless) Concealment Cover

36. What If There is No Safe Areas? • If you find yourself in an open area, immediately seek cover. • Put a physical barrier between you and the suspect. • Remember: Cover vs. Concealment • Consider your options: • Escape • Hide

37. What should I do… • If you are trained, treat the injured. • Remember basic first aid • For bleeding apply pressure and elevate. • Rescue efforts will be delayed until the shooter is stopped.

38. What Should I Know… • As discussed earlier, a shooter will not stop until his objectives have been met, or unless engaged by law enforcement • Attempts to rescue people should not be made if they will endanger other persons in a secured area. • A shooter may bang on the door and yell for help to entice you to open the door.

39. TAKE ACTION!!As a last resort and only when your life is in imminent danger • Attempt to incapacitate the shooter • Act with physical aggression (Hit, kick, scratch, throw items, etc) • Improvise weapons • Commit to your actions Do not stop until the threat is gone SURVIVE!!!

40. Contact Emergency Personnel • Emergency 911 • 911 may be overwhelmed • Busy signal/Slow to answer

41. Call 911 Effectively • Stay Calm!! • Know the location of the emergency and the number you are calling from.

42. Calling 911 Effectively • Wait for the call-taker to ask questions, then answer clearly and calmly. • If you are in danger of assault, the dispatcher or call-taker will still need you to answer quietly, mostly “yes” and “no” questions.

43. Call 911 Effectively • Let the call-taker guide the conversation. • He or she is typing the information into a computer and may seem to be taking forever. There’s a good chance, however, that emergency services are already being sent while you are still on the line. • Follow all directions. • In some cases, the call-taker will give you directions. Listen carefully, follow each step exactly, and ask for clarification if you don’t understand.

44. Call 911 Effectively • Keep your eyes open. • You may be asked to describe victims, suspects, vehicles, or other parts of the scene. • Do not hang up the call until directed to so by the call-taker.

45. What to Report? • Your Exact Location • Building Name/Office/Room Number • Number of people at your location • Number of People Injured • Type of Injuries

46. What to Report? • Suspect Information • Specific location • Number of suspects • Race/Gender • Clothing color and style • Physical features • Type of weapon(s) • Backpack or other equipment carried by shooter • Do you recognize the shooter? What’s their name?

47. What Will Law Enforcement Be Doing? • Law Enforcement’s goal is to locate, contain and stop the shooter. • The best place for you is inside a secure room. • The shooter will generally not flee when law enforcement enters the building.

48. Remember! • Running down hallways provides the shooter with more targets and slows law enforcement response. • The shooters main goal is not escape, but rather to kill as many people as possible.

49. What will Law Enforcement Be Doing? • Safety corridors will be established. This may be time consuming. Remain in secure areas until instructed to move by law enforcement You may be searched. You will be escorted out of the building by armed police officers when it’s safe. Follow their instructions at all times.

50. Interacting with Law Enforcement • DO NOT • Have anything in your hands; officers are taught that “hands kill”. • Do • Raise your arms • Spread your fingers • Show hands as you drop to the floor • Spread arms and legs