Armistice: an agreement to stop fighting

1. Armistice: an agreement to stop fighting • Who won WWI? • Nobody won WWI and nobody lost WWI • They agreed to stop fighting and talk peace • Armistice: It is not necessarily the end of a war, but just a stoppage of fighting until a peace treaty can be negotiated

2. The involved countries agreed to stop fighting on the symbolic • 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month 1918 (November 11th Veterans’ Day) • They then agreed to meet at Versailles, France in January 1919 to write a peace treaty

3. Gardens at Versailles

5. Paris Peace Conference: JanUARY - may 1919to be held at Versailles (palace of French Kings outside of Paris ) • The meeting had leaders from all over the world but 3 men (countries) dominated the conference The Big 3 leaders • Georges Clemenceau (France) • Woodrow Wilson (USA) • David Lloyd George (Britain)

7. W • What are 3 points the Paragraph about Clemenceau makes? • What are 3 points that the paragraph on Wilson made? • What are 3 points the on

8. Idealist: a person who believes in the ideal (or way that things should be) not the real way things are Realist: a person who deals with the way things really are

9. What did each of the ‘Big 3’ want at Versailles? • 3 paragraphs • 5 sentences for each paragraph • Support each statement with reasons why the person would want this • Due: Tuesday, October 15th

10. Woodrow Wilson

11. The League of Nations: 1. A group of countries from around the world trying to solve world problems and keep peace What they DO If one country attacks another country all the other countries should: a. Stop trading with the attacking nation b. go to war against the aggressive nation

12. a. Wants fairness and a peace treaty that will keep peace b. Wants to reduce Germany’s navy c. Wants Germany to pay back money to the Allies (reparations) d. Wants to take away Germany’s colonies around the world e. Idealist f. Wants to take land from Germany g. Worried that punishing Germany will create a revenge factor h. Wants self determination and new nations in Europe i. Wants Germany’s military reduced to lowest level j. Wants a ‘League of Nations’ to discuss world problems and promote peace k. Realist l. Middle of the road compromiser – punish Germany a little but not too much because we trade with them

13. Britain and their colonies

14. Alsace - Lorraine • The Alsace Lorraine is a piece of land in between Germany and France • It was taken from France by Germany in 1870 • It was given back to France in the Treaty of Versailles

15. Short paper (not “THE” Essay)Write 3 Paragraphs with a minimum of 5full sentences each • PROMPT: What did each of the “Big 3” at Versailles want? • Possible sentence starters (but use your own if you like) • P1.Clemenceau of France wanted ______. He wanted this because______. He also wanted ______ because ______. Finally, Clemenceau wanted ______ So in all France ___ • P2. On the other hand, Wilson from the US wanted _______

16. Self determination: • People groups (Poles, Czechs, etc.) deciding if they want their own country or they want to stay inside another country

17. Self-determination: people groups (Poles, Czechs, etc) self- deciding if they want their own country From this to this How many changes can you see?

18. Points 6-13 dealt with territorial changes and the creation of new nations • creation of new nations in Russia that included Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, Belarus • Creation of Czechoslovakia, Poland, and a new and reduced Austria-Hungary • The break up of the Ottoman Empire and the creation of states like Syria, Lebanon, and Palestine

19. Points 6-13 dealt with territorial changes and the creation of new nations • creation of new nations in Russia that included Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, Belarus • Creation of Czechoslovakia, Poland, and a new and reduced Austria-Hungary • The break up of the Ottoman Empire and the creation of states like Syria, Lebanon, and Palestine

20. Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Point peace plan was viewed by many as workable. Points 1-5 Points 6-13 Self-determination or creation of new nations in Russia that included: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, Belarus Creation of Czechoslovakia, Poland, and a new and reduced Austria-Hungary The break up of the Ottoman Empire and the creation of states like Syria, Lebanon, and Palestine • 1. an end all secret treaties and alliances • 2. Freedom of the seas – no blockades, no hogging fishing areas • 3. Free trade among nations • 4. disarmament for all nations. Reduction in the size of everyone’s armies and navies • 5. the adjustment of colonial claims with fairness toward colonial people in Africa and Asia

21. The 14th Point • The Last point was the creation of a “League of Nations” • A formal association of nations that met regularly in Europe to discuss world concerns and be a place to work out disagreements and hopefully prevent any future wars (much like the United Nations that we have today) Although the League was President Wilson’s dream – the U.S. Senate was afraid of committing America to getting caught up in European drama so the US never ratified the treaty so the United States never even joined the League of Nations

22. Disarmament: to reduce the size of nations’ armies and navies • France wanted a policy of disarmament for Germany • Appeasement: to give someone what they want or not confront them to avoid a conflict • Lloyd George appeased Wilson on the League of nations to get what he wanted

23. Closing Activity: complete the statement - • The League of Nations_________ • The League of Nations_______ • The League of Nations________ 4. A Country created by the Treaty of Versailles was__________ 5. Another country created by the Treaty of Versailles was__________ 5. Germany lost land near________

24. The Treaty of Versailles created new countries and many boundary changes From this to this How many changes can you see?

25. Differing Goals at Versailles • The Germans had agreed to the cease-fire because they thought that Wilson’s 14 point plan was fair • Britain and France had other goals in mind at Versailles: primarily punishing Germany an making Germany weak • #1 weaken their military • #2 weaken their overall economy • #3 get back as much money as they could from Germany

26. Some of Wilson’s 14 points were kept but the actual Treaty of Versailleswas brutal to Germany

27. $$$ Reparations • Compensation (Pay back) in money, material, labor, etc., payable by a defeated country to another country as a penalty of war

28. Germany had to pay 6600 million Pounds or $ 33 billion dollars in war reparations • Dollars • British pounds • Euros

29. Alsace - Lorraine • The Alsace Lorraine is a piece of land in between Germany and France • It was taken from France by Germany in 1870 • It was given back to France in the Treaty of Versailles

30. The Saar • Coal fields in Germany that France was allowed to mine for 15 years and keep the profits The Saar

31. Instructions for today’s activity • With your group • Read each statement as a group and then discuss whether the statement is saying that the treaty is “fair” or “unfair” then write “Fair” or “unfair” in the space • EVERYONE NEEDS to TALK!! • As a group, answer the questions at the bottom 4. Be prepared to answer questions about the Treaty when called upon

32. Jobs in the Group • I’m going to pick 1 person to be the group’s • Regulator • The regulator’s job is to: • 1. ask everyone to share their opinion • 2. make sure the group stays on task

33. 1. The Germans are the only nation that is forced to pay billions in war reparations ______________ (the Treaty is fair/unfair) • 2. The Germans originally took the Alsace Lorraine from France in a war in 1870 it is right to give it back to France ______________ (The Treaty is fair/unfair) • 3. The British and the French are allowed to mine the Saar coal area of Germany for 15 years and keep the profits______________ (The Treaty is fair/unfair) • 4. The Germans started this world war when they attacked Russia, Belgium and France when it should have been a war between Serbia and Austria ______________ (The Treaty is fair/unfair) • 5. When Russia got out of the war Germany forced Russia to give them huge chunks of land in their peace treaty with Russia ______________ (The Treaty is fair/unfair)

34. 6. Germany’s colonies are taken away and divided between Britain and France ______________ (The Treaty is fair/unfair) • 7. Remember what German submarines did to the Lusitania and other non-military ships – it is right that they are aloud zero submarines ______________ (The Treaty is fair/unfair) • 8. Only the Germans must sign the “war guilt clause” taking the blame for starting the war ______________ (The Treaty is fair/unfair) • 9. The war was fought mostly in France. France is destroyed. Germany was basically untouched and Germany still has very rich mining areas in which to build back their economy______________ (The Treaty is fair/unfair) • 10. The Germans are not allowed any tanks or airplanes ______________ (The Treaty is fair/unfair)

35. Treaty of Brest-Litovsktreaty between Soviet Russia and Germany after the Communists gained control and took Russia out of the war • In this treaty Germany forced Russia to surrender a huge chunk of land to Germany • This, again, made people think Germany was aggressive and power hungry

36. Major portions of the TREATY of VERSAILLES pertaining to Germany • Germany is forced to give up its colonies in Africa and Asia • The mineral-rich Alsace-Lorraine area in-between Germany and France is given back to France • France gets to mine Germany’s coal-rich Saar area for 15 years and keep the profits • Germany loses land to France, Poland and Denmark • Reducing Germany’s military: • German army limited to 100,000 soldiers. • NO military allowed in the Rhineland (area of Germany that borders France) • Could have no airplanes. • No tanks • Allowed only 6 military ships. • 0 (zero) U boats (submarines) • Must sign the “war guilt” clause taking full blame for war • Must pay war reparations (pay back $ for damages) mostly to Britain and France to the tune of 33 billion $$$

37. Was the Treaty of VersaillesFair/ Unfair ? • Heck yeah it’s fair because … • Germany started it! • France is destroyed • Economies are a wreck • Passenger ships were sunk • Someone has to pay! • Germany has proved repeatedly that it uses its military and navy aggressively • Germany took land from others – they should lose land • Germany was brutal in their treaty with Russia • It’s totally unfair because Germany is the only country that… • Has to sign to war guilt clause • Has to pay billions in reparations • Gets mined by other countries • Loses her colonies • Has its military limited • That has its navy limited • can’t have submarines • Can’t have any airplanes

38. The Treaty of Versailles was fair. • How far do you agree with this statement? • Think: Do you agree – yes? – no? (somewhat, greatly, hardly at all?) • In a Cambridge essay to gain the total possible points available you must show your knowledge of both sides of the argument • When writing paragraphs - Make sure to PEE • P (point) make a strong, valid POINT • E (evidence) provide EVIDENCE or Examples • E(explanation) EXPLAIN how this example was either fair or unfair

39. P (point) • The first reason the treaty was fair was because Germany is highly militaristic and has proved repeatedly that it uses its military and navy aggressively. • E (evidence) • For example, it has invaded France twice in recent history. Germany’s navy proved just as aggressive by sinking un armed passenger ships during the war. • E (explanation) • So, it seems logical and fair to limit their military and navy.

40. Today’s activity • with your group have an extended discussion on whether you think the treaty was fair • Everyone must talk and share his/her reasons • When everyone is shared out – • begin to complete the skeleton, pre-writing paper

41. The Treaty of Versailles was fair. How far do you agree with this statement? • I somewhat agree with this statement because there are parts of the treaty that seem fair and parts that seem totally unfair. • At first look the treaty seems very unfair towards Germany. The first reason it seems unfair is … • Another reason its unfair is _________ • But on the other hand the treaty could be considered fair is because ______

42. Marking the Text • Number (#) the paragraphs 2. Circle important words/phrases 3. Underline major points 4. Box words/phrases you don’t understand

44. Germany’s Lost land

45. TREATY of VERSAILLES and GERMANY Name: _____ Directions: read the notes on the map and detail ways that Germany was affected by the Treaty of Versailles On the rest of the lines write other ways that Germany was affected • Ways that Germany was punished by the Treaty • ________________________ • ________________________ • ________________________ • ________________________ • ________________________ • ________________________ • ________________________ • ________________________ • ________________________ • ________________________ • ________________________ • ________________________

48. Closing Activity: complete the statement - • 1. The Alsace Lorraine __________ • 2. The Saar _________________ • 3. An argument that the treaty was “fair” is __________________ • 4. An argument that the treaty is “unfair” is __________________ • In your Summary part of Cornell Notesheet answer this prompt: • Was the Treaty of Versailles fair – why or why not?

49. When the Treaty was finalized they gave it to the nations to sign • Germany refused to sign it

50. Germany’s Response: “SCREW That”“We’re not going to sign that” • Britain and France responded with • “If you don’t sign it – then we don’t have a peace treaty and technically, we’re still at war . So get ready to resume fighting” • Furthermore, the British declared that they would not end their blockade if the Germans wouldn’t sign • (many Germans were starving because food could not be imported) • Not wanting to start the war back up again - The German ambassadors reluctantly signed it and became known by Adolf Hitler as “The traitors who sold out our country” • The Treaty of Versailles became the most hated document in German history. • Reparation payments to the Allies caused terrible financial problems for the country. • German politicians frequently blamed the treaty for Germany’s problems • When Hitler became chancellor of Germany he declared that Germany would no longer follow the Treaty of Versailles • Hitler telling Europe and the world that Germany would not follow the Treaty of Versailles is one of the primary causes of W.W.II