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1 INSERM, U669, Paris, France;

38th IIS (International Institute of Sociology) Word Congress, Budapest, 26-31 June 2008.

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1 INSERM, U669, Paris, France;

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  1. 38th IIS (International Institute of Sociology) Word Congress, Budapest, 26-31 June 2008 Gender disparities in drug use for fatigue/insomnia and nervousness/anxiety, and roles of individual characteristics and lifestyle factorsA population-based studyStéphane Legleye,1,2,3 Marie Choquet,1,2 Michèle Baumann,4 Patrick Peretti-Watel,5 Bruno Falissard,1,2,6 Nearkasen Chau,1,2 Lorhandicap Group1 1INSERM, U669, Paris, France; 2Univ Paris-Sud and Univ Paris Descartes, UMR-S0669, Paris, France; 3Observatoire Français des Drogues et des Toxicomanies, Paris, France; 4University of Luxembourg, INtegrativeresearch unit on Social and IndividualDEvelopment (INSIDE), Luxembourg; 5INSERM, UMR379, Marseille, France; 6AP-HP, Villejuif, France. Lorhandicap Group: Chau N, Ravaud JF, Guillemin F, Sanchez J, Guillaume S, Michaely JP, Otero Sierra C, Legras B, Dazord A, Choquet M, Méjean L, Tubiana-Rufi N, Meyer JP, Schléret Y, Mur JM

  2. Background What we know: ►Gender disparity in psychotropic drug use ► Research undertaken not focused on all the factors: Age, smoking, alcohol abuse, obesity, low educational level, low income, living alone, family condition, lack of family support, self-reported personality traits, and socio-occupational category Objectives: To assess among economically active people: ► Gender difference in frequent use of drugs for fatigue/insomnia & nervousness/anxiety ► Role of the previous factors in mediating the gender disparities

  3. Methods Subjects ►People aged ≥15 years in 8,000 randomly selected households in north-eastern France ►3,460 households participated (44%) All eligible members took part in 86% of households ► 6,234 subjects completed a questionnaire ►The present analysis focused on3,450 active subjects aged 18-64 years Study protocol ►Request of participation (1996) ►3 sendings auto-questionnaire with a cover letter

  4. Methods Outcome variables: Frequent use of drugs, over the last 8 days,for: • Fatigue / insomnia (DFI) • Nervousness / anxiety (DNA) Study risk factors: • Sex • Age • Current smoking • Alcohol abuse (Deta questionnaire) • Obesity (>30 kg/m2) • Low education (primary level) • Socio-occupational categories • Low income (coping with difficulties or debt) • Family conditions & lack of family support • Living alone • Some self-reported personality traits Statistical analysis:Logistic regression model

  5. Results Table 1. Gender disparity in DFI and DNA: %, ORa and 95% CI (n=3,450) Women Men ORa 95% CI (%) (%) DFI 11.6 7.1 1.74 1.38-2.21 DNA 12.1 5.8 2.29 1.79-2.94 ORa: odds ratios adjusted for age, p<0.001.

  6. Results Table 2. Relationships of DFI and DNA with various risk factors: adjusted odds ratios (ORa) and 95% CI (n=3,450) DFI DNA Women1.6** 1.2-2.1 2.0*** 1.0-1.7 Age (yr) <30 1.0 1.0 30-391.5* 1.0-2.3 1.2 0.8-1.7 40-491.8** 1.1-2.7 1.8** 1.2-2.8 ≥504.1*** 2.6-6.4 2.7*** 1.7-4.3 Primary education 1.3§ 1.0-1.8 1.1 0.8-1.6 Low income 1.2 0.8-1.7 1.8*** 1.2-2.5 Living alone 1.5§ 1.0-2.3 1.0 0.6-1.6 *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, §NS, p<0.10. Smoking, obesity, alcohol abuse had non-significant ORa

  7. Results Table 2. Relationships of DFI and DNA with various risk factors: ORa and 95% CI – Continued DFI DNA Family conditions Married or living in couple1.0 1.0 Divorced/separated 1.1 0.7-1.8 1.9** 1.2-2.9 Unmarried 1.3 0.9-2.0 1.6* 1.1-2.5 Widowed 1.4 0.7-2.6 1.5 0.7-3.0 Lack of family support1.7*** 1.3-2.4 1.8*** 1.3-2.5 Self-reported personality Worried1.6*** 1.2-2.0 2.3*** 1.8-3.0 Not calm 1.2 0.9-1.7 1.7** 1.1-2.6 Aggressive 1.1 0.7-1.7 1.5* 1.0-2.1 Nervous1.9*** 1.4-2.4 3.6*** 2.7-4.8 *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, §NS, p<0.10.

  8. Results Table 2. Relationships of DFI and DNA with various risk factors: ORa and 95% CI - Continued DFI DNA Socio-occupational category Upper professionals 1.0 1.0 Intermediate professionals 0.7 0.4-1.3 0.7 0.3-1.3 Manual workers 1.1 0.7-1.7 1.1 0.7-1.8 Employees 1.1 0.7-1.7 1.2 0.7-1.9 Farmers2.5* 1.1-5.5 0.2 0.0-1.6 Craftsmen, tradesmen 1.3 0.6-2.7 1.1 0.5-2.7 Others or unknown 1.1 0.6-1.7 1.3 0.8-2.2 *p<0.05

  9. Results The associations of individual factors with DFI and DNA differed between genders: ►Primary education with DFI in men only (ORa 1.69) ►Lack of family support with both DFI and DNA in men and women (1.56 ≤ORa ≤ 2.08) ►Low income with DNA in men and women (ORa about 1.70) ►Being divorced/separated or unmarried with DNA in men only (ORa 2.90 and 3.42, respectively) ►Being worried or nervous with both DFI and DNA in men and women (1.58 ≤ORa ≤ 6.36) ►Being not calm with DNA in women only (ORa 1.96)

  10. Conclusions ► Women use more drugs for fatigue/insomnia or nervousness/anxiety than men ► Living conditions, lifestyle and self-personality traits do play a small role in explaining the gender disparities ► Preventive measures should aim at improving working conditions and to help people to be aware of the benefits of improving their living conditions and lifestyle

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