Lesson 23 The Honor Code

1. Distant Education College, Jilin University Lesson 23The Honor Code 1.Background Knowledge 2.Text Analysis 3.Exercises 4.Questions For Discussion Extensive Reading II

2. Distant Education College, Jilin University Background Knowledge 1. the Morse Code: The Morse Code is a signal system devised (1838) by Samuel Morse for use in the wire telegraph, now used in radiotelegraphy and elsewhere. Letters, numbers and punctuation are represented by combinations of dots (brief taps of the transmitting key) and dashed (three times the length of dots). (Pictures) 2. Walkie-Talkie: A walkie-talkie is a small portable radio which you can talk into and hear messages through so that you can communicate with someone far away. It is frequently used by policemen, sportsmen and others on the move to communicate over distances up to a few km. (Pictures) More

3. Distant Education College, Jilin University Background Knowledge 3. Objective Tests and Essay Tests: An objective test is one of the two types of tests that are commonly used in modern schools. It is intended to deal with facts instead of personal opinions. To make up an objective test, the teacher writes a series of questions, each of which has only one correct answer. The student has just one task: he must recognize the correct answer and copy its letter (or number) on his exam paper. For testing a student’s memory of facts and details, the objective test has advantages. It can be scored very quickly by the teacher or even by a machine. In a short time the teacher can find out a great deal about the student’s range of knowledge. For testing some kinds of learning, however, such a test is not very satisfactory. A lucky student may guess the correct answer without really knowing the material. More

4. Distant Education College, Jilin University Background Knowledge For a clearer picture of what the student knows, most teachers use another kind of examination, the essay test. An essay test requires students to write long answers to broad, general questions. One advantage of the essay test is that it reduces the element of luck. The student cannot get a high score just by making a lucky guess. Another advantage is that it shows the examiner more about the student’s ability to put facts together into a meaningful whole. But essay tests also have disadvantages. Some students can write rather good answers without really knowing much about the subject, while other students who actually know the material have trouble expressing their ideas in essay form. Besides, on an essay test the student’s score may depend upon the examiner’s feelings at the time of reading the answer. From this standpoint the objective test gives each student a fairer chance. Return

5. Distant Education College, Jilin University Questions for Discussion 1. What do you think of the Honor Code? Do you think it would help in the formation of good character amongst students, whether at Chinese universities or overseas? Explain your answer. 2. Do you think it is possible to secretly give or receive examinable information (to be a cheat) and still have a clear conscience? What is it about cheating which is wrong and unfair? 3. What suggestions do you have to guard against cheating in our own lives, in examinations, and more generally in organizations like universities? Return

6. Distant Education College, Jilin University Exercise 1. True/False Questions 2. Multiple-choice Questions Return

7. Distant Education College, Jilin University True/False Questions 1.In the phrases “the Honor Code” and “Morse Code” the word “code” has almost the same meaning. 2.Students are so closely watched during examinations that they can never get away with cheating. 3.If a student becomes a regular cheat at school, that student will finally pay for such behavior. 4.The student who gives help at cheating also breaks the Honor Code. 5.Students who give help at cheating are more stupid than those who receive help, even though they know their subjects well. Answer

8. Distant Education College, Jilin University True/False Questions 1.In the phrases “the Honor Code” and “Morse Code” the word “code” has almost the same meaning. F 2.Students are so closely watched during examinations that they can never get away with cheating. 3.If a student becomes a regular cheat at school, that student will finally pay for such behavior. 4.The student who gives help at cheating also breaks the Honor Code. 5.Students who give help at cheating are more stupid than those who receive help, even though they know their subjects well. Answer

9. Distant Education College, Jilin University True/False Questions 1.In the phrases “the Honor Code” and “Morse Code” the word “code” has almost the same meaning. F 2.Students are so closely watched during examinations that they can never get away with cheating. F 3.If a student becomes a regular cheat at school, that student will finally pay for such behavior. 4.The student who gives help at cheating also breaks the Honor Code. 5.Students who give help at cheating are more stupid than those who receive help, even though they know their subjects well. Answer

10. Distant Education College, Jilin University True/False Questions 1.In the phrases “the Honor Code” and “Morse Code” the word “code” has almost the same meaning. F 2.Students are so closely watched during examinations that they can never get away with cheating. F 3.If a student becomes a regular cheat at school, that student will finally pay for such behavior. T 4.The student who gives help at cheating also breaks the Honor Code. 5.Students who give help at cheating are more stupid than those who receive help, even though they know their subjects well. Answer

11. Distant Education College, Jilin University True/False Questions 1.In the phrases “the Honor Code” and “Morse Code” the word “code” has almost the same meaning. F 2.Students are so closely watched during examinations that they can never get away with cheating. F 3.If a student becomes a regular cheat at school, that student will finally pay for such behavior. T 4.The student who gives help at cheating also breaks the Honor Code. T 5.Students who give help at cheating are more stupid than those who receive help, even though they know their subjects well. Answer

12. Distant Education College, Jilin University True/False Questions 1.In the phrases “the Honor Code” and “Morse Code” the word “code” has almost the same meaning. F 2.Students are so closely watched during examinations that they can never get away with cheating. F 3.If a student becomes a regular cheat at school, that student will finally pay for such behavior. T 4.The student who gives help at cheating also breaks the Honor Code. T 5.Students who give help at cheating are more stupid than those who receive help, even though they know their subjects well. T More

13. Distant Education College, Jilin University True/False Questions 6.Professors prefer objective tests to essay writing because they believe in the effectiveness of Yes or No questions. 7.Professors hate discovering unacknowledged quotations in papers and will often use sarcasm about students’ plagiarism. 8.Fearing to be brought before a Judiciary Board, most students will give up the idea of cheating even though they might think about it. 9.The Honor Code can help control all kinds of wrongdoings amongst university students. Answer

14. Distant Education College, Jilin University True/False Questions 6.Professors prefer objective tests to essay writing because they believe in the effectiveness of Yes or No questions. F 7.Professors hate discovering unacknowledged quotations in papers and will often use sarcasm about students’ plagiarism. 8.Fearing to be brought before a Judiciary Board, most students will give up the idea of cheating even though they might think about it. 9.The Honor Code can help control all kinds of wrongdoings amongst university students. Answer

15. Distant Education College, Jilin University True/False Questions 6.Professors prefer objective tests to essay writing because they believe in the effectiveness of Yes or No questions. F 7.Professors hate discovering unacknowledged quotations in papers and will often use sarcasm about students’ plagiarism. T 8.Fearing to be brought before a Judiciary Board, most students will give up the idea of cheating even though they might think about it. 9.The Honor Code can help control all kinds of wrongdoings amongst university students. Answer

16. Distant Education College, Jilin University True/False Questions 6.Professors prefer objective tests to essay writing because they believe in the effectiveness of Yes or No questions. F 7.Professors hate discovering unacknowledged quotations in papers and will often use sarcasm about students’ plagiarism. T 8.Fearing to be brought before a Judiciary Board, most students will give up the idea of cheating even though they might think about it. T 9.The Honor Code can help control all kinds of wrongdoings amongst university students. Answer

17. Distant Education College, Jilin University True/False Questions 6.Professors prefer objective tests to essay writing because they believe in the effectiveness of Yes or No questions. F 7.Professors hate discovering unacknowledged quotations in papers and will often use sarcasm about students’ plagiarism. T 8.Fearing to be brought before a Judiciary Board, most students will give up the idea of cheating even though they might think about it. T 9.The Honor Code can help control all kinds of wrongdoings amongst university students. F Return

18. Distant Education College, Jilin University Multiple-choice Questions 1. Cheating is most harmful because _____. A) the student may get away with it and get an undeserved high mark B) the student may get caught and be punished for it C) it may get worse if the student does not get caught D) it may develop into more serious sorts of crimes years later Answer

19. Distant Education College, Jilin University Multiple-choice Questions 1. Cheating is most harmful because _____. D A) the student may get away with it and get an undeserved high mark B) the student may get caught and be punished for it C) it may get worse if the student does not get caught D) it may develop into more serious sorts of crimes years later More

20. Distant Education College, Jilin University Multiple-choice Questions 2. What kind of student is more stupid when cheating happens during examinations? A) Students who cannot answer most of the questions on the paper. B) The student who agrees to help the student in need of that help. C) Students who ask for help in the classroom. D) The student who keeps the Honor Code when asked for help. Answer

21. Distant Education College, Jilin University Multiple-choice Questions 2. What kind of student is more stupid when cheating happens during examinations? B A) Students who cannot answer most of the questions on the paper. B) The student who agrees to help the student in need of that help. C) Students who ask for help in the classroom. D) The student who keeps the Honor Code when asked for help. More

22. Distant Education College, Jilin University Multiple-choice Questions 3. According to this article, professors often justify using objective tests because ______. A) it takes too much time to read essay-type answers B) objective tests save the trouble of marking the test papers C) objective tests are fairer for the students than discussions on philosophic issues D) it is easier to prepare Yes or No questions Answer

23. Distant Education College, Jilin University Multiple-choice Questions 3. According to this article, professors often justify using objective tests because ______. A A) it takes too much time to read essay-type answers B) objective tests save the trouble of marking the test papers C) objective tests are fairer for the students than discussions on philosophic issues D) it is easier to prepare Yes or No questions More

24. Distant Education College, Jilin University Multiple-choice Questions 4. Which of the following is most likely to be an objective test? A) Writing an essay. B) Answering questions. C) Multiple-choice questions. D) Completing sentences. Answer

25. Distant Education College, Jilin University Multiple-choice Questions 4. Which of the following is most likely to be an objective test? C A) Writing an essay. B) Answering questions. C) Multiple-choice questions. D) Completing sentences. More

26. Distant Education College, Jilin University Multiple-choice Questions 5. Through the fourth paragraph from the bottom of this article the author means to ______. A) defend students copying out of books when writing papers B) tell us that professors are more experienced than students at dealing with plagiarism C) criticize professors severely for setting a bad example for students D) describe the problems of higher education in the U.S. in a humorous tone Answer

27. Distant Education College, Jilin University Multiple-choice Questions 5. Through the fourth paragraph from the bottom of this article the author means to ______. D A) defend students copying out of books when writing papers B) tell us that professors are more experienced than students at dealing with plagiarism C) criticize professors severely for setting a bad example for students D) describe the problems of higher education in the U.S. in a humorous tone More

28. Distant Education College, Jilin University Multiple-choice Questions 6. We learn from this article that the Honor Code is _______. A) to help improve the teaching environment of the U.S. colleges B) established to prevent college students from cheating C) laid down to uphold the good name of a college D) to support the students’ organization Judiciary Board Answer

29. Distant Education College, Jilin University Multiple-choice Questions 6. We learn from this article that the Honor Code is _______. C A) to help improve the teaching environment of the U.S. colleges B) established to prevent college students from cheating C) laid down to uphold the good name of a college D) to support the students’ organization Judiciary Board Return

30. Distant Education College, Jilin University Text Analysis These days university students in China know more and more about graduate school opportunities and student lifestyles in American universities. As in every country, a few American students are tempted to use short cuts — to cheat. Read on and you will discover a clever way honest American students use to deal with fellow students caught breaking the rules. The Honor Code is not to be confused with the Morse Code. In fact the two are just the opposite , since the Morse Code is used to communicate information to others, while the Honor Code is used to keep it to oneself. Next

31. Distant Education College, Jilin University Text Analysis Students are on their honor not to cheat. The worst thing about cheating is that the student may get away with it in the classroom and then a few years later, overconfident, go in for cheating on a large scale, such as embezzling a million dollars, and get caught. The penalty for this turns out to bea good deal harsher than an F and three weeks of encampusment. Sometimes on examination papers and bluebooks students are asked to write “I pledge on my honor that I have neither given nor received help,” followed by their signature. It is more blessed to receive than to give. Anyone who gives help, running all that risk and getting nothing out of it, is so stupid it’s a wonder he knows anything in the first place. Previous Next

32. Distant Education College, Jilin University Text Analysis Students can be inventive and ingenious about cheating. One student brought a transistor radio to an examination in Religions of the World, pretending to listen to a ball game. Actually he received a stream of information on the Buddhists, Shintoists, Hindus, Confucianists, Taoists, Moslems, etc. from his roommate, who was at the college radio station with the textbook. By using earphones, he considerately kept fromdistracting other students or the proctor. Proctors, too, can make use of modern electronic devices for detection. Not only do they keep the class under close watch with highpowered binoculars, through a one-way window, but they communicate by walkie-talkie whenever they spot anything out of line. Previous Next

33. Distant Education College, Jilin University Text Analysis “Suspicious markings on cuff of boy in second row, third in from aisle. Over.” “Roger. Am using infra-red telescopic scanner. Over.” “Advise what you find. Over.” “Markings appear to be note to blonde in next seat. A little hard to make out, but I think it reads: ‘You look good enough to eat. Munch, munch. Remember we have a date at the Dirty Spoon tonight.’ Over.” “Probably all right, but it might be code. Keep your eyes peeled for any papers passed under desk, and intercept. Over.” “Roger.” Previous Next

34. Distant Education College, Jilin University Text Analysis Professors can, of course, make cheating virtually impossible by avoiding objective tests. All they have to do is to lead the student into an essay-type answer with something like “Discuss the philosophic issues involved in an understanding of social activity, with special emphasis on freedom and predictability, objectivity, causality, and relations between the individual and society.” Faced with the prospect of reading thirty or forty examination papers on such a topic, professors may be forgiven if they start their examination: “Answer the following Yes or No” or “Place a check mark in the appropriate square.” Previous Next

35. Distant Education College, Jilin University Text Analysis One rather subtle form of cheating is plagiarism, or writing papers copied out of books which it is hoped the instructor has not read. An instructor who finds the prose style in a freshman theme somewhat unusual for a freshman, may think it sounds like Arnold J. Toynbee. After doing a great deal of reading, and learning a remarkable lot of history, he discovers it is from Thomas Babington Macaulay. Despite all the work he has gone to, it was worth it to be able to write on the paper: “This was obviously taken word for word from Macaulay.” Previous Next

36. Distant Education College, Jilin University Text Analysis Then, with the bitter sarcasm of which professors frequently avail themselves, confident that students will not dare reply in kind: “If you had to steal something, you should have stolen something with which I was not familiar, if possible.” The student, too busy being rushed by a fraternity to write his own paper, gets an F in the course and, at the end of the year, drops out of college, while the professor’s reputation for omniscience, i.e. knowing everything, gets a big boost. Previous Next

37. Distant Education College, Jilin University Text Analysis What the student will never know is that the professor’s doctoral dissertation was made up almost entirely of cleverly interwoven passages from two or three obscure nineteenth-century historians. However the professor, thanks to techniques learned in graduate school, knew how to use ibid., op. cit., loc. cit., and passim in his footnotes so effectively that it was impossible for anyone to track down his references. Also the graduate professor who supervised his doctoral dissertation was too busy with his own research to do any sleuthing. Previous Next

38. Distant Education College, Jilin University Text Analysis The simplest way to prepare a term paper without writing it is to have it done by an agency that specializes in this sort of thing. For a small sum, say a hundred dollars, you can get a ten-page paper written on any subject, with a grade of B or better guaranteed. However, one student who had his paper written for him by such a group of people was guilty not only of cheating but of grossnegligence. When he turned in his paper, he forgot and left in the bill. Previous Next

39. Distant Education College, Jilin University Text Analysis Under the Honor code, of course, a student would not think of cheating. Or he might think about it and promptly dismiss the idea as unworthy. There is too much risk of being caught. And being caught means being brought before the Judiciary Board, a group of students who are so smart they don’t need to cheat. Most students would rather fail, or even study hard enough to pass honestly, than face the Judiciary Board. The Board takes up not only cheating but cases of immoral and antisocial behavior, such as drunkenness and sexual promiscuity — not because these things are wrong but because they may, if overdone, give the college a bad name. Previous Next

40. Distant Education College, Jilin University Text Analysis To summarize, the Honor Code is a great help. Without it, things would be worse. Simplified from Going Around in Academic Circles: A Low View of Higher Education By Richard Armour, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1965. Approximately 960 words. Previous Return

41. Distant Education College, Jilin University code [kEud] n.准则；道德标准；密码；代号=a systematic collection of regulations and rules; a system of symbols, letters, or words given certain arbitrary meanings, used for transmitting messages requiring secrecy or brevitye.g. The letter was written in code and I could not understand it. 信是用密码写的，看不懂。 Words to Know Return

42. Distant Education College, Jilin University embezzle [im5bezl] vt.挪用（公款）；侵吞（财物）=take (money, for example) for one's own use in violation of a truste.g. The head of the branch bank embezzled ten thousand dollars from the bank where he worked.银行分行行长在他工作的银行里贪污了一万美元。 Words to Know Return

43. Distant Education College, Jilin University pledge [pledV] vt.发誓；保证= make a solemn binding promise; sweare.g. He pledged his honor that he had told the truth.他以名誉作担保他说的都是实话。 Words to Know Return

44. Distant Education College, Jilin University signature [5si^nitFE] n.签名=one's name as written by oneselfe.g. He forged his father’s signature on the check.他在支票上伪造他父亲的签字。 Words to Know Return

45. Distant Education College, Jilin University distract [dis5trAkt] vt.转移（注意力）；使分心=cause to turn away from the original focus of attentione.g. My attentions are distracted from my study.我读书的注意力分散了。 Words to Know Return

46. Distant Education College, Jilin University proctor [5prCktE] n.（大学的）监考人员=a dormitory and examination supervisor in a schoole.g. The proctor caught him cheating in the maths exam.监考人员抓住他在数学考试中作弊。 Words to Know Return

47. Distant Education College, Jilin University binoculars [bI5nRkjJlEz] n.双筒望远镜=field-glasses with lenses for both eyese.g. The birthday gift that his parents gave him was a pair of binoculars.他父母给他的生日礼物是一副双筒望远镜。 Words to Know Return

48. Distant Education College, Jilin University peel [pi:l] vt.削去…的皮，剥去…的壳=strip or cut away the skin, rind, or bark from; paree.g. Please peel this banana. 请剥开这只香蕉的皮。keep one’s eyes peeled for=keep one’s eyes open 留心，注意e.g. When the policemen were searching the house, they kept their eyes peeled for anything suspicious.当警察搜查房子的时候，他们注意着任何可疑的东西。 Useful Phrases and Expressions Return

49. Distant Education College, Jilin University intercept [9intE5sept] vt.截获，拦截=stop, deflect, or interrupt the progress or intended course ofe.g. The parcels of drugs were intercepted by the Customs House before they were delivered.这些成包的毒品在运到前被海关截获了。 Words to Know Return

50. Distant Education College, Jilin University subtle [5sQtl] adj.诡秘的，狡诈的；微妙的=operating in a hidden, usually injurious way; insidiouse.g. We should be wary of those subtle enemies.我们应该警惕狡诈的敌人。 Words to Know Return