Rick Moul rmoul@pascalsc 803 734-0910

1. Swingin' With the Pendulum: Facing Cancellations in the Age of E-Journal Packages American Library Association July 11, 2009 Rick Moul rmoul@pascalsc.org 803 734-0910

2. PASCAL is … • …a Statewide Consortium • PASCAL represents 56 public and independent academic libraries in South Carolina. Established in 2001, its mission is to create a “highly productive knowledge environment where members of our academic and research community have equitable, immediate access to library information and services regardless of their location and at the time they are most needed.” • …an Essential Program • At the end of June 2008, PASCAL’s virtual academic library consisted of millions of articles in over 16,000 research publications found in 33 licensed databases, as well over 11million print volumes searchable in a physical union catalog and available through an overnight delivery service. Effectively PASCAL guaranteed every one of the state’s 230,000 college students & faculty fingertip access to a quality university-level research library. • … a Model for the State • Overall, the state has seen a seven-fold return in value for each dollar spent, based largely on the capability to license materials at the statewide “enterprise” level and by leveraging investments made by individual institutions through the resource sharing system. • “The best current example for sharing inter-intuitional costs for technology in South Carolina is the Partnership Among South Carolina Academic Libraries (PASCAL)…” • -- The Higher Education Study Committee Report (March, 2009)

3. Program Development 2001 - 2008 • Activities Informed by 2001 Strategic Plan; State Funding Received (2004 – 8) • Statewide Electronic Library (SEL) for Higher Education (2004 – State funds) • Core Electronic Resource Package (33 databases > 16,000 Journals) • Universal Borrowing “PASCAL Delivers” (11 million volumes statewide) • ILS Modernization(2003 – institutional funds) • Coordinated ILS modernization for many public and independent institutions • Basis for physical union catalog for universal borrowing • PASCAL directly hosts or manages 14 local systems • Opt-In Electronic Resource Coordination(2000 – Institutional Funds) • Highly Variable – has flowed, ebbed and resurged over time… • Loose Relationships with other players (e.g. Carolinas Consortium, Solinet) • We have a 9 library Elsevier big deal (managed by USC, Clemson, MUSC) • Digitization Program (2003 – LSTA & Institutional Funds) • PASCAL served as the incubator • A distributed approach: 4 Regional Centers hosted by libraries

4. FY 2007-8 Budget Snapshot • Operating Budget @ $3.1 Million • State Funds – • $2.2M – ($2M as annual appropriation) • Electronic Resources/Union Catalog, Delivery, Staff • Other Funds – • $222K – Dues (Administration, Staff) • $680K – ILS Capital Costs, Services, Staff, Other

5. Major State-Funded Electronic Resources, June 2008 Access Science Academic Search Premier (EBSCO) Business Source Premier (EBSCO) CINAHL Plus with Full Text (EBSCO) GALE Literature Resource Center Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition (EBSCO) Institute of Physics Archives LexisNexis Academic Liebert Online MLA International Bibliography (EBSCO) Nature Ovid Nursing Collection II: Lippincott Premier Nursing Journals ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source Science Online

6. FY2008-9: Loss (90% reduction) of State Funding Line – State Funds (including roll-over due to completed capital projects) --Staff -- Union Catalog/Delivery -Electronic Resources

7. Survival Strategy, FY 2008-9 (May/June 2008) • Priority: Stabilization of Program “Kernel” • Preserve PASCAL Delivers (Rapid Book Delivery) Program • Secure Continuation Licensing for core electronic resources through July 1, 2009 • Conserve support infrastructure (staff etc.) • Content and Service Reductions • Cancelled (six databases/journals – over 7,000 business, nursing, science, technology titles- LexisNexis, Access Science, (July 1, 2008) Nature, Science, ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source, Lippincott Nursing Premier (December 31, 2008) • 40% delivery service reduction for PASCAL Delivers (July 1, 2008) • Dues Increase & Fee Assessment • Accelerated a planned dues Increase (20%) • Initiated service fees for core database and universal services • One-time Conditions Reduced Revenue Requirement for FY 2008-9 • Carry-forward due to completion of capital payments for delivery system • Transfer of remaining license renewals from calendar to fiscal year (negotiated 6 month renewal)

8. Remaining (Core) PASCAL Electronic Resources, July 2008 Academic Search Premier (EBSCO) Business Source Premier (EBSCO) CINAHL Plus with Full Text (EBSCO) GALE Literature Resource Center Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition (EBSCO) Institute of Physics Archives MLA International Bibliography (EBSCO)

9. Campaign & Revenue Generation for FY 2009-10 • -- Great support from Students and Faculty • -- Made strides with Key Legislators • -- No Chance for any Restoration of Funds… • -- Switched Focus to Academic Administrators • Seminal moment – February meetings (CHE/FMU) • Group meetings with Chief Academic Officers • Key – Provosts understood the value-proposition • Established an Ad Hoc Committee of CAOs • Developed a Revenue Plan for FY 2009-10 • -- Results • Breathing Room – our core is still intact • Everyone knows our name… • Only 1 school has opted out (3 or 4 t.b.d.) • Greater institutional investment in library collaboration • Going forward, our story for the legislature is more complex

10. Value Proposition Presented to Chief Academic Officers PASCAL is still a great value to SC libraries… • -- Calculated a “retail price” and price index for core electronic resource and delivery service • (driving component = “best possible” buyers’ club pricing for aggregator package) • -- No Library pays more than “retail” for core databases & PASCAL Delivers • -- Significant Discounts for most libraries: 33 libraries pay between 20% and 40% of retail • -- The extremes: a major research institution pays 100%; smallest regional 2 year campus pays 18%

11. Responding to a Changed Environment • Year 1 (FY 2008-9): Amputations • “Reverse Engineered” our Collection • Maintained our Role in Cancelled Subscriptions • Kept Licenses intact – metered based on participants • Worked on lower cost alternative for one product • Renegotiated Core Licenses (Calendar Year Renewals) for six month bridge with no increases • Year 2 (FY 2009-10): Applying the Tourniquet • Maintained our Core Content • Worked with Provosts to Raise Institutional Assessments for full year coverage and delivery services. • Established some breathing room for damage assessment

12. Responding to a Changed Environment • Year 3 (FY2010-11): Cauterizing the Wound • Continued Focus on Revenue Generation • Durability of our model used this year? • Re-evaluation of our Resources • Staff & Advisory Committee is developing content analysis capabilities • Board Discussion of Relationships with other actors • Looking for synergies based on institutional spends • Survey of electronic resources statewide • Exploration of negotiated packages (Ongoing exploratory discussions) • Discussion of enhanced document delivery/ILL for non-returnable items • Environmental Review… • Relationships with external entities (partnerships/competitors) • Changing External Environment (e.g. above & technology)

13. The Bottom Line We expect recovery will be a multiyear process We do have a fair amount of faith in our underlying Value Proposition But We may look very different in a year or two…

14. The Bottom Line “In these tight economic times, efficient collaborative ventures like PASCAL might be seen as safety nets, ensuring that fundamental educational needs are met with maximum cost effectiveness. Longer term, a program like PASCAL can set the stage for more intensive collaboration across institutions that will promote efficiency, excellence and equity of access.” Leveraging Higher Education for a Stronger South Carolina, March 2009 (the Higher Education Study Committee Action Plan) “PASCAL has been an enormous success…as I approach the end of my professional career, I cannot think of a prouder moment than when [PASCAL] was funded, and it just about kills me to see that it may come to an end…losing PASCAL would be a tremendous blow to our institutions.” Richard Shaw, Director of Learning Resources at the Technical College of the Lowcountry, HESC Public Hearing, 2008

15. Rick Moul rmoul@pascalsc.org 803 734-0900