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Asphxiants By Dr Romana

Asphxiants By Dr Romana. Asphyxiants produce respiratory embarrassment CO reduces oxygen carrying capacity of blood CO2 produces oxygen lack in tissues Hydrogen sulphide paralyses resp. center. Asphxiants (Irrespirable Gases) They include: Carbon dioxide

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Asphxiants By Dr Romana

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  1. Asphxiants By Dr Romana

  2. Asphyxiants produce respiratory embarrassment • CO reduces oxygen carrying capacity of blood • CO2 produces oxygen lack in tissues • Hydrogen sulphide paralyses resp. center

  3. Asphxiants (Irrespirable Gases) They include: • Carbon dioxide • Carbon monoxide • Hydrogen sulphide • Some war gases

  4. Carbon Monoxide • Colourless, odorless, non-irritant gas, light • Formed by incomplete combustion of carbon and organic matter • Sources: oil heaters, oil lamps, gas heaters, explosion in mines, exhaust of car engines, burning houses • Affinity of CO for Hb is 200-300 times greater than that of oxygen

  5. Signs and Symptoms Saturation of Hb Symptoms with CO • 0-10% no symptoms • 10-20% shortness of breath, headache, flushed skin • 20-30% throbbing headache, buzzing in ears

  6. muscular weakness, breathlessness, incoordination, • 30-40% headache, dizziness, vomiting, mental confusion,

  7. 40-50%symp. Intensified, mistaken for drunkenness • 50-70% coma, C.S resp. Int asp convulsions, resp. paralysis, death • Above 70%resp arrest, fatal

  8. Dose: At rest 0.1 % CO will result in stupor & coma in three hours.1% CO stupor & coma will result in 15-20 minutes. Treatment: PM app: cherry red, 5 gm COHb/100ml • 1-2 cm liquid paraffin added over bld.sample.

  9. Carbon dioxide • Heavy, colourless, odorless, • Formed: complete combustion of carbon containing comp, fermentation & decomposition of organic matter. • Sources: manholes, refrigerating plant, wells, rebreathing in closed spaces.

  10. Symptoms • Pure CO2: instant death • 20-30%: no effect for a while, fall of BP, diminished resp, headache, drowsiness, coma, death • 40%: dyspnoea, drowsiness, muscle weakness. • 50%: death from decreased oxygen.

  11. Treatment: Tham, an amine buffer IV. .

  12. Hydrogen Sulphide • Colorless, smell like rotten egg • Found where sulphur containing organic matter is undergoing decay eg. sewers, cesspools, privies, tannery vats, artificial silk industry, human instestine during life. • Body after death -----putrefaction

  13. Signs & Symptoms • Pure H2S: death • 0.2% conc: death in few minutes • Less conc: nausea, pain abdomen, laboured breathing, irregular heart action, convulsions,coma and death.

  14. Treatment: • PM appearance: offensive smell, bluish green colour of skin

  15. OxyHb life MetHb dead SulphmetHb

  16. War Gases • Lacrimators or tear gas: • Chloracetophenon (C.A.P) • Bromobenzyl cyanide (B.B.C) • Ethyl iodoacetate (K.S.K) • Lung irritants/asphyxiants/choking: • Chlorine (CI2) Chloropicrin • Phosgene (COCI2)

  17. Vesicant or Blister gases: • Mustard gas • Lewisite • Sternutators/ Nasal irr./ vomiting gas • Diphenylchlorarsine (D.A) • Diphenylamine chlorarsine (D.M) • Diphenylcyanarsine (D.C)

  18. Nerve/Blood poisons/Paralysants: • Carbon monoxide • Hydrocynic acid • Hydrogen sulphide • Nerve gases: • Toxic chemicals with action like acetylcholine • Miscellaneous: • Yellow/Red rain • MIC (methyl Isocyanate)

  19. Lacrimators • Fired in artillery shells • Symptoms: Irritants of eyes, severe lacrimation, spasm of eyelid, temporary blindness. • Treatment: Gas masks, normal saline(eyes), sodium bicarbonate solutions(nose.face)

  20. Lung Irritants • Chlorine & Phosgene are gases • Chloropicrin & Diphosgene are liquid and fired in artillery shells • Phosgene & Diphosgene are called green cross

  21. Vesicants • Fired in artillery shells • Symptoms: Intense itching, blisters, ulcers, vomiting, hemolysis of RBC’s • Treatment: Gas mask, special clothes, change clothes, wash with soap & water, attention to eyes, resp & burns. • ------- is an antidote for lewisite.

  22. Sternutators • Fired in artillery shells • Inhaled from air, swallowed in food & water • Symptoms: sneezing, salivation, vomiting, nausea, headache • Treatment: gas mask, symptomatic, sodium bicarbonate as mouth wash.

  23. Miscellaneous • Yellow/Red rain • Methyl Isocyanate (MIC)

  24. THANK YOU

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