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Gen Chem Ch 4 Pg 110 The Atom

Gen Chem Ch 4 Pg 110 The Atom. Nucleus of positive protons and neutral neutrons Energy levels of negative electrons outside nucleus Mass = protons + neutrons only Neutrons = mass – protons Isotopes – same element with diff neutrons ex: carbon-12 and carbon-14

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Gen Chem Ch 4 Pg 110 The Atom

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  1. Gen Chem Ch 4 Pg 110 The Atom • Nucleus of positive protons and neutral neutrons • Energy levels of negative electrons outside nucleus • Mass = protons + neutrons only • Neutrons = mass – protons • Isotopes – same element with diff neutrons ex: carbon-12 and carbon-14 see nuclear symbols Pg 114 used in medical imaging

  2. Periodic Table Ch 6 Pg • Designed by Russian scientist Mendeleev late 1800’s • Column 1 – alkali metals, lose 1 electron, +1 • Column 2 – alkaline earth metals, lose 2, +2 • Column 7 – halogens, make salts with col 1, gain 1 electron, -1 • Column 8 – noble gas, full outer levels, don’t react • Metalloids – stairstep line • D Block – transition elements, + but varying #+

  3. Trends • Atomic radii Pg 170 – smaller to the right due to more attraction between protons & electrons- larger to the bottomdue to morelevelsof electrons • Ionization energy Pg 173 – energy needed to remove an electron – higher to the right because almost full, lower to the bottom due to farther from nucleus • ElectronegativityPg 177– attraction for electrons – higher to right, lower to bottom

  4. Ch 5 Pg 138 Light • Know spectrum from handout • Speed of lightC = 3 x 108m/s • C = wavelength in mx frequency in Hertz c=wf • Light is a photon particle that travels in a wave • Quantum is amt of energy of light given off by electron falling from higher unstable level • Energy = hx frequency E=hf • h = Planck’s constant6.626 x 10-34 J-s

  5. Electron ConfigurationsPg 131-35 • Aufbau– fill levels starting with lowest • Pauli – 2 electrons per orbital, spinning in opposite directions • Hund – fill by putting one electron in each orbital in same direction, then put 2nd electron in other direction • Know how to write electron config, orbital notations with arrows, and noble gas notation

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