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Implementing Noise Compatible Land Use. Lesson 1 Roadway Noise and FHWA Guidelines. Federal Highway Administration. Roadway Travel. What is Noise?. Loud Sound Annoying, Unwanted Sound. Source: Wikipedia.com. Source: Urbanplanet.org.
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Implementing Noise Compatible Land Use Lesson 1 Roadway Noise and FHWA Guidelines Federal Highway Administration
What is Noise? • Loud Sound • Annoying, Unwanted Sound Source: Wikipedia.com Source: Urbanplanet.org
Negative Effects of Sound • Lowers the quality of life • Can impact outside conversation • May deter some development • Some studies show harmful health • effects
Common Noise Levels • Jet aircraft Uncomfortably 120 dBA take off loud • Lawnmower Moderately 70 dBA Vacuum loud • Library Very quiet 30 dBA
Who’s Responsible? • Federal Highway Administration Sets National Guidelines • States Implement Federal and State Guidelines • Local Governments Enact Land Use Policies
Noise Assessments • Required as part of NEPA Process • Determine whether there are sensitive receivers • Computer modeling • Review of land use plans • Aerial photography
Federal Guidelines for Noise Abatement • 23 CFR Part 772: Procedures for Abatement of Highway Traffic Noise and Construction Noise • “…establish requirements for information to be given to local officials for use in the planning and design of highways….”
Section 772.5: Definitions • Type I(Eligible for FHWA Funding) • Projects on new location • Physical alteration of horizontal and/or vertical alignment • Increase in the number of through travel lanes • Type II (FHWA Will Not Fund; States May) • A proposed Federal or Federal-aid highway project for noise abatement on an existing highway.
Section 772.13(b)Federal Participation • Federal funding for Type II projects approved: • For projects approved before 11/28/95 • Along lands where development predated any highway • For areas not previously rejected for a barrier in a Type I project
FHWA Approach to Roadway Noise • 3-Part Approach to Traffic Noise Control • Source Control • Reduction Measures in Highway Construction • Noise Compatible Land Use Planning
Brakes Source Control: Noise Sources for Heavy Trucks Exhaust Air Intake Tire Noise Engine Fan Gears
Measuring Sound • Decibels • Are a logarithmic scale • Are based on values of 10 • Sound measurement is weighted to what the human ear can hear (A-weighted) • Descriptor will be the hourly equivalent sound level (LAeq1h)
Exterior (residences, schools, parks, and churches) Exterior (commercial) Interior Leq 65 dBA Leq 70 dBA Leq 50 dBA is used Noise Criteria
...avoiding/minimizing negative effects NC PMitigation Strategies • Commercial, Retail, Office • Uses • Open Space • Thoughtful Orientation of • Residential Uses and • Materials
Residential Commercial
Implementing Noise Compatible Land Use Lesson 2 ♦ Overview Noise Compatible Land Use Planning Federal Highway Administration
Lesson 2:Overview Noise Compatible Planning ■What Constitutes NCP? ■ Benefits of NCP ■Potential Hindrances to Implementing NCP
What Constitutes NCP? NCP addresses potential highway noise before problems occur Appropriate development that can accommodate roadway noise is encouraged next to highways
Why Talk About Noise Compatible Land Use Planning? Opportunity Costs (more roadway and construction $) May Block Light and “Close- in” Neighborhoods
PURPOSE Eliminate or Reduce Highway Traffic Noise • Less Noise Sensitive Land Uses (Commercial, Office, Retail, Industrial) • Promote Use of Open Space (Walking & Bike Paths, Recreational Uses) • Reorient Residential w/ Less Sensitive Uses Away from the Roadway
Benefits of NCP Undesirable effects of highway traffic noise are eliminated or reduced by encouraging less noise sensitive land uses next to highways
Benefits of NCLUP (cont) • Proactive planning • Better quality of life • Reduces residential complaints • Future cost savings • Property value increases • Promotes public-private shared responsibility
Role of Leaders and Policy Professionals Encourage: • Increased use of NCP strategies • Educational resources • Less frequent use of noise walls
Implementing Noise Compatible Land Use Lesson 3 Noise Compatible Reduction Techniques – Physical Responses Federal Highway Administration
Lesson 3 - Objective • Impact of the physical environment on how sound is heard • Physical strategies applied as part of NCP
Key Terms for Noise Measurements Source – Noise Emitter Propagation Medium – Path to the Receiver Receiver – Location Where Noise Is Assessed
Key Variables Affecting Noise • Distance • Topography
Design and Construction Characteristics • Acoustical Site Planning • Acoustical Architectural Design • Acoustical Construction
Acoustical Site Planning • Provide a buffer zone between • roadway and development • Place single story units adjacent to • roadway • Ensure that rear yard faces roadway • Provide landscaping & recreational • features, i.e. landscaping, earthen • berms, winding jogging trails
Acoustical Construction:Double Pane Doors and Windows “Soundproofing greatly reduces interior noise penetration.” Photos from Van Nuys Airport’s Noise Management Report found at www.lawa.org/vny.htm
Acoustical Construction:Thicker Sound Resistant Walls – No Highway Side Windows
Acoustical Construction:Thicker Sound Resistant Walls at Rear with Front Windows
Insulation materials Acoustic Vinyl Barrier 2lbQUIETBARRIER™ Acoustic Vinyl Barrier 1lb
Lesson 4 Noise Compatible Reduction Techniques- Policy and Administrative Strategies
Lesson 4 - Objective Familiarize participants with the variety of tools available to local governments in support of NCP
Strategies for Municipalities ■ Zoning (Strongest category of land control) ■ Clustering ■ Plat Notation
Authorities to Mandate Implementation of Noise Compatible Principles Local Governments ♦ Municipal Governments